Prepositions like í (in), á (on), hjá (by), and frá (from) take the dative case when expressing a static location or origin.
When a noun is indefinite, its accompanying adjective takes a strong dative ending based on its gender:
| Gender | Dative Ending | Example (stór - big) |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine | -um | stórum |
| Feminine | -ri | stórri |
| Neuter | -u | stóru |
Masculine (-um)
| The dog sits on a high cliff. | Hundurinn situr á háum kletti. |
| We stand by a high waterfall. | Við stöndum hjá háum fossi. |
| Does Jón live in a deep valley? | Býr Jón í djúpum dal? |
Feminine (-ri)
If the adjective stem ends in l (like lítil), the -ri ending usually assimilates to match it, becoming -li (lítilli).
| Here we live on a big island. | Hérna búum við á stórri eyju. |
| Is your boyfriend from a small island? | Er kærastinn þinn frá lítilli eyju? |
Neuter (-u)
| We see a bird by a big volcano. | Við sjáum fugl hjá stóru eldfjalli. |
| My friend stands by a new volcano. | Vinur minn stendur hjá nýju eldfjalli. |
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