Hồ sơ trực tuyến đã được gửi.

Hồ sơ is a fairly broad word. It often means a file, dossier, set of documents, record, or application depending on context.

In a sentence like Hồ sơ trực tuyến đã được gửi, it often refers to something like:

• an application
• a submitted form
• a document set
• an online record/file

So a learner should know that hồ sơ does not always map neatly to just one English word.

In Vietnamese, descriptive words often come after the noun they describe.

So:

• hồ sơ = file / application / dossier
• trực tuyến = online

Together:

• hồ sơ trực tuyến = online application / online file

This is a very common Vietnamese pattern:

• nhà lớn = big house
• xe mới = new car
• đơn xin việc trực tuyến = online job application

English usually puts the modifier before the noun, but Vietnamese often puts it after.

Đã marks that the action is viewed as completed or already happened.

In this sentence:

• đã được gửi = has been sent / was sent

So đã helps show that the sending is not just possible or planned—it is done.

A useful way to think about đã is that it often corresponds to ideas like:

• already
• did
• has/have
• was/were in the right context

But it is not a perfect one-to-one match with any single English tense.

Here, được is being used to help form a passive-like structure.

So:

• gửi = send
• được gửi = be sent

That means:

• Hồ sơ trực tuyến đã được gửi = The online application/file has been sent

In many cases, được suggests that something is received, managed successfully, or done to something. In passive sentences, it often works like be in English passive constructions.

However, được is not always just a passive marker in Vietnamese. In other contexts it can mean things like:

• to get
• to be able to
• to receive
• to be fortunate enough to

So its meaning depends heavily on the sentence.

Because được helps show that hồ sơ trực tuyến is the thing being sent, not the thing doing the sending.

Compare the idea:

• đã được gửi = has been sent

Without được, Hồ sơ trực tuyến đã gửi sounds incomplete or unnatural in this meaning.

If you want to say someone sent the application, you would normally need a subject:

• Tôi đã gửi hồ sơ trực tuyến. = I sent the online application.

But in your sentence, the focus is on the application itself, so Vietnamese uses:

• Hồ sơ trực tuyến đã được gửi.

That is why được is important here.

Yes, it is essentially a passive sentence.

The thing being talked about is:

• Hồ sơ trực tuyến = the online application/file

And the action is:

• đã được gửi = has been sent

So the sentence focuses on the result affecting the application, not on who sent it.

This is very common in notices, status messages, websites, and formal administrative language.

Vietnamese often leaves out the agent when it is:

• obvious
• unknown
• unimportant
• unnecessary

In this kind of sentence, the important information is simply that the application has been sent.

If you really wanted to include the agent, Vietnamese could add something like:

• bởi
• sometimes do

For example:

• Hồ sơ trực tuyến đã được gửi bởi người dùng.
  = The online application has been sent by the user.

But in normal usage, especially in app or website messages, the agent is usually omitted.

It can correspond to either, depending on context.

Vietnamese does not match English tense forms exactly. The phrase đã được gửi mainly tells you that the sending is completed.

So in English, it might be translated as:

• was sent
• has been sent
• has already been sent

Which one sounds best depends on context. In a website confirmation message, has been sent is often the most natural English translation.

Yes, it sounds fairly formal, neutral, and administrative.

It is the kind of sentence you might see in:

• a government portal
• a university application system
• an HR website
• a submission confirmation page

It is not rude or strange in everyday use, but it is definitely more like system/interface language than casual conversation.

Yes. Depending on context, it could mean several things, such as:

• online application
• online record
• online file
• online dossier
• profile in some systems

That is because hồ sơ is flexible and context-dependent. A learner should avoid assuming it always means only one fixed English word.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

• Hồ sơ trực tuyến đã được gửi
• roughly: haw suh chook too-yen dah doo-uk goo-ee

A few important notes:

• tr in trực is not exactly like English ch or tr
• đ is like an English d, not like plain Vietnamese d
• gửi has a sound that does not map neatly to English spelling
• tones matter a lot, especially in words like hồ, sơ, đã, được, gửi

If you are learning pronunciation, it is much better to listen to native audio than to rely only on English-style approximations.

A helpful breakdown is:

• Hồ sơ trực tuyến = the online application/file
• đã = completed/already
• được = passive marker here
• gửi = send

So the structure is basically:

• [noun phrase] + đã được + verb

In this sentence:

• [Hồ sơ trực tuyến] + đã được + [gửi]

That pattern is very useful for reading formal Vietnamese:

• Yêu cầu đã được xử lý. = The request has been processed.
• Thông tin đã được cập nhật. = The information has been updated.
• Email đã được gửi. = The email has been sent.