Tôi đang ho, đau họng và sổ mũi.

đang marks an action or state as happening right now or currently. In Tôi đang ho, it means I am coughing or I’m currently coughing.

A few useful points:

• Tôi ho = I cough / I’m coughing depending on context
• Tôi đang ho = I am coughing right now, with more emphasis on the present moment

In everyday Vietnamese, people sometimes drop đang if the time is already clear from context. But using it here is very natural when talking about current symptoms.

In a list like this, Vietnamese often uses đang just once, and its meaning can naturally extend over the whole list of symptoms.

So:

• Tôi đang ho, đau họng và sổ mũi.

is understood as:

• I’m coughing, have a sore throat, and have a runny nose.

You could repeat markers in longer or more emphatic speech, but it would usually sound less natural:

• Tôi đang ho, đang đau họng và đang sổ mũi.

This is grammatical, but it feels repetitive in normal conversation.

More or less, yes.

• đau = to hurt / painful / ache
• họng = throat

So đau họng literally means something like throat pain or the throat hurts, but in natural English we usually say have a sore throat.

This is a very common Vietnamese pattern:

• đau đầu = headache / head hurts
• đau bụng = stomachache / stomach hurts
• đau lưng = back pain / back hurts

Vietnamese often expresses physical discomfort with đau + body part.

sổ mũi means to have a runny nose.

Breakdown:

• mũi = nose
• sổ in this expression gives the idea of running / flowing

So sổ mũi is the standard way to say have a runny nose.

A closely related phrase is:

• nghẹt mũi = stuffy nose / blocked nose

So these are different:

• sổ mũi = runny nose
• nghẹt mũi = congested nose

Because bị is often optional here.

Vietnamese can say symptoms directly:

• Tôi ho, đau họng và sổ mũi.

This is very natural.

You may also hear:

• Tôi bị ho, đau họng và sổ mũi.

Here bị gives a sense of suffering from / being affected by these symptoms. It can make the sentence sound slightly more explicitly medical or illness-focused, but in everyday speech, omitting bị is completely normal.

So both are possible, but the version without bị is simple and common.

Because Vietnamese and English package these ideas differently.

English often says:

• I have a sore throat
• I have a runny nose

Vietnamese does not need a separate verb like have in these expressions. Instead, it commonly uses the symptom expression directly:

• đau họng
• sổ mũi

So you should not try to translate word-for-word from English. Vietnamese often sounds more natural when symptoms are stated directly rather than with an equivalent of have.

Yes, very often, if the context is clear.

For example, at a clinic or when answering a question, someone may simply say:

• Đang ho, đau họng và sổ mũi.

or

• Ho, đau họng, sổ mũi.

Vietnamese frequently drops pronouns when the listener already knows who is being talked about. However, including Tôi is clearer and more complete, especially for learners.

Not always.

• Tôi đang ho, đau họng và sổ mũi. = natural
• Tôi đang ho, đau họng, sổ mũi. = also natural, especially in speech

Vietnamese often lists items with commas and may omit và if the list is short and context is clear. Including và is a bit more explicit and organized, similar to and in English.

So và is correct, but in casual spoken Vietnamese it is often left out.

It is neutral and perfectly suitable in many situations, including speaking to a doctor, pharmacist, teacher, or friend.

• Tôi is polite and standard.
• The symptom words are everyday, normal Vietnamese.
• The sentence is clear and natural.

In a very casual setting, a younger speaker might use a different pronoun depending on who they are talking to, for example:

• Em đang ho, đau họng và sổ mũi.
• Con đang ho, đau họng và sổ mũi.

So the structure stays the same, but the pronoun changes based on relationship and social context.

You can say both.

All of these are possible:

• Tôi bị ho.
• Tôi bị đau họng.
• Tôi bị sổ mũi.

They all mean that you are experiencing those symptoms.

That said, in everyday speech, many speakers simply say:

• Tôi ho.
• Tôi đau họng.
• Tôi sổ mũi.

So bị is possible, but not required.

The order can be changed.

For example, these are all understandable:

• Tôi đang ho, đau họng và sổ mũi.
• Tôi đang sổ mũi, đau họng và ho.
• Tôi đau họng, sổ mũi và đang ho.

However, the original order sounds natural because it simply lists symptoms in a smooth way. In real speech, people often mention the symptom that feels most important first.

So the word order is flexible, but some orders may sound more natural depending on emphasis.

This is a very common question.

• họng = the throat, especially the inside part used in speaking, swallowing, or when talking about soreness
• cổ = the neck

So:

• đau họng = sore throat
• đau cổ = neck pain

English uses throat and neck differently too, and Vietnamese makes the same distinction.

A few natural conversational versions are:

• Tôi đang ho, đau họng với sổ mũi.
• Tôi ho, đau họng với sổ mũi.
• Em đang ho, đau họng và sổ mũi.
• Bị ho, đau họng với sổ mũi. (if context is clear)

A few notes:

• với can sometimes replace và in casual speech
• đang may be omitted
• the pronoun may change depending on who is speaking to whom
• the pronoun may be dropped entirely if context makes it obvious

The original sentence is already natural, though, and a very good standard version for learners.