Áo len này có một vết rách.

A natural word-by-word breakdown is:

• áo len = sweater / wool sweater / knitted sweater
• này = this
• có = has / there is
• một = one / a
• vết rách = a tear, ripped spot, torn mark

So the structure is basically:

• Áo len này = this sweater
• có một vết rách = has a tear

In smooth English: This sweater has a tear.

In Vietnamese, demonstratives like này (this) usually come after the noun, not before it.

So:

• áo len này = this sweater
• literally: sweater this

This is very normal Vietnamese word order.
Compare:

• quyển sách này = this book
• ngôi nhà này = this house
• cái bàn này = this table

So if you are thinking in English word order, this is one of the main patterns to get used to.

Có often means to have, and that is exactly how it works here.

• Áo len này có một vết rách = This sweater has a tear.

Vietnamese often uses có where English uses have/has.

It can also express existence in other contexts, like there is/there are, but in this sentence it is best understood as has.

Một means one or a/an.

Here, một vết rách means:

• a tear
• literally one tear

You can sometimes omit một in Vietnamese, especially when the exact number is not important, but một sounds natural here because you are identifying a specific tear on the sweater.

So:

• có một vết rách = has a tear
• có vết rách = has tear marks / is torn / has a torn spot

The version with một is clearer and more straightforward for this sentence.

Vết refers to a mark, trace, spot, or visible blemish/damage on something.

So vết rách is a very natural way to say:

• a tear
• a ripped spot
• a torn place in the fabric

Why not just rách?

Because rách by itself usually functions more like torn or to be torn.

For example:

• Áo len này bị rách. = This sweater is torn.
• Áo len này có một vết rách. = This sweater has a tear.

So:

• rách describes the condition
• vết rách names the actual tear/damaged spot

In Vietnamese, word classes are often more flexible than in English, but in this sentence rách is best understood as part of the noun phrase vết rách.

On its own, rách commonly means:

• torn
• to tear / be torn

Examples:

• Áo bị rách. = The shirt is torn.
• Túi rách rồi. = The bag is torn already.

In vết rách, it behaves like the descriptive element that tells you what kind of vết it is: a tear mark / torn spot.

Yes, absolutely.

• Áo len này có một vết rách.
• Cái áo len này có một vết rách.

Both are natural.

Here, cái is a classifier for many everyday objects. In casual Vietnamese, classifiers are often used before nouns, especially when the speaker wants the noun phrase to sound more complete or natural.

So:

• áo len này = this sweater
• cái áo len này = this sweater

The version without cái is still very normal, especially in simple written examples or when the noun is already clear.

Because Vietnamese does not always need a direct equivalent of English is/are.

English says:

• This sweater has a tear.

Vietnamese says:

• Áo len này có một vết rách.

There is no extra word needed for is because the sentence is built around có = has.

If you wanted to describe the sweater as torn rather than say it has a tear, you could say:

• Áo len này bị rách. = This sweater is torn.

So Vietnamese often expresses the idea differently from English rather than translating word for word.

Not always strictly. Áo len literally relates to wool/knitwear, but in actual usage it often refers broadly to a sweater or knitted top, not necessarily a garment made of 100% wool.

So depending on context, áo len may be translated as:

• sweater
• wool sweater
• knitted sweater
• jumper

In many learning contexts, sweater is the safest natural translation.

Yes. A few common alternatives are:

• Áo len này bị rách. = This sweater is torn.
• Áo len này có chỗ bị rách. = This sweater has a torn spot.
• Cái áo len này có một chỗ rách. = This sweater has a tear / a torn place.

The original sentence, Áo len này có một vết rách, is a good, clear way to refer to a visible tear in the sweater.

It is natural, but not the only way. Vietnamese speakers may also say:

• chỗ rách = torn spot / place that is torn
• lỗ = hole
• bị rách = is torn

The nuance is slightly different:

• vết rách focuses on the tear as a visible damaged mark
• chỗ rách focuses on the location/spot
• lỗ means an actual hole
• bị rách just describes the condition

So vết rách is a good phrase, especially when you want to identify a tear as a noun.