Моя дочка росте дуже швидко.

Because дочка is a feminine singular noun, so the possessive my has to agree with it in gender and number.

• мій = my, for masculine singular nouns
• моя = my, for feminine singular nouns
• моє = my, for neuter singular nouns
• мої = my, for plural nouns

So:

• мій брат = my brother
• моя дочка = my daughter
• моє місто = my city
• мої друзі = my friends

In this sentence, дочка is feminine, so моя is the correct form.

It is in the nominative singular.

That is the normal case for the subject of the sentence, the person or thing doing the action. In Моя дочка росте дуже швидко, the daughter is the one who grows, so дочка is the subject.

You can think of the structure as:

• Моя дочка = subject
• росте = verb
• дуже швидко = adverb phrase describing how she grows

Yes. Both дочка and донька mean daughter.

A learner should know this:

• донька is very common in modern standard Ukrainian
• дочка is also correct and widely understood
• depending on region, style, or personal preference, one form may be more common than the other

So this sentence could also be:

• Моя донька росте дуже швидко.

That means the same thing.

The base form is рости, which means to grow.

росте is the 3rd person singular present tense form, used with he/she/it. Since моя дочка is she, you use росте.

A few present-tense forms of рости are:

• я росту = I grow / am growing
• ти ростеш = you grow / are growing
• він / вона росте = he / she grows / is growing
• ми ростемо = we grow / are growing
• ви ростете = you grow / are growing
• вони ростуть = they grow / are growing

So дочка росте = the daughter grows / is growing.

It can mean either one, depending on context.

Ukrainian does not have a separate tense form like English is growing. The present tense often covers both:

• a general fact or habit: grows
• an action happening now or over a period of time: is growing

So Моя дочка росте дуже швидко can naturally mean:

• My daughter grows very quickly
• My daughter is growing very quickly

Usually context tells you which English translation sounds best.

Because росте is already the main verb: grows / is growing.

In English, learners often look for an extra verb like is, but here it is not needed. Ukrainian uses a single present-tense verb form.

So:

• дочка росте = daughter grows / is growing

There is no separate word corresponding to English is in this sentence.

It describes how the daughter grows.

• дуже = very
• швидко = quickly / fast

Together:

• дуже швидко = very quickly / very fast

So the structure is:

• росте = grows
• дуже швидко = very quickly

This is an adverb phrase modifying the verb.

Because швидко is an adverb, while швидкий is an adjective.

You use:

• швидкий to describe a noun
• швидко to describe a verb

Compare:

• швидка машина = a fast car
  here швидка describes the noun машина
• вона говорить швидко = she speaks quickly
  here швидко describes the verb говорить

In Моя дочка росте дуже швидко, we are describing how she grows, so the adverb швидко is correct.

Yes. Ukrainian word order is fairly flexible, though the neutral order here is very natural:

• Моя дочка росте дуже швидко.

You could also hear:

• Моя дочка дуже швидко росте.
• Дуже швидко росте моя дочка.

These all mean basically the same thing, but the emphasis changes.

For example:

• Моя дочка росте дуже швидко. = neutral statement
• Моя дочка дуже швидко росте. = slightly stronger focus on very quickly
• Дуже швидко росте моя дочка. = stronger emphasis, more marked style

For a learner, the original version is an excellent default pattern.

Usually, yes. With дочка and рости, the most natural meaning is that a child is getting bigger / growing up.

Depending on context, рости can also be used more broadly for things that increase or develop, such as:

• ціни ростуть = prices are rising
• трава росте = the grass grows

But with моя дочка, the normal interpretation is physical growth or growing up.

Yes, рости is imperfective.

That makes sense because growth is an ongoing process, not a single completed event. In Ukrainian, only imperfective verbs normally have a true present tense.

So росте is a normal present-tense imperfective form meaning grows / is growing.

If you want a completed-result idea, Ukrainian often uses a different verb, for example:

• вирости = to grow up / grow to completion

But in this sentence, the focus is on the process, so росте is exactly right.

A helpful approximate stress guide is:

• моя́
• дочка́
• росте́
• ду́же
• шви́дко

A rough English-style approximation would be:

• моя́ ≈ mo-YA
• дочка́ ≈ doch-KA
• росте́ ≈ ros-TE
• ду́же ≈ DU-zhe
• шви́дко ≈ SHVYD-ko

A few pronunciation notes:

• дч in дочка can be a bit tricky; say it smoothly, not as two completely separate words
• ж in дуже sounds like the s in measure
• и in швидко is not the English ee sound; it is a central vowel typical of Ukrainian

Yes, absolutely.

• дочка = daughter
• дитина = child

So:

• Моя дочка росте дуже швидко. = My daughter is growing very quickly.
• Моя дитина росте дуже швидко. = My child is growing very quickly.

The grammar is the same because дитина is also feminine in Ukrainian, so you still use моя.

Both are natural.

• швидко = quickly / fast
• дуже швидко = very quickly / very fast

So the version with дуже simply adds emphasis.

Compare:

• Моя дочка росте швидко. = My daughter is growing fast.
• Моя дочка росте дуже швидко. = My daughter is growing very fast.

The sentence you have sounds completely normal and natural.