Тату, одягни шапку і підніми капюшон — на вулиці мороз.

Ukrainian has a vocative case used when you address someone directly. The nominative is тато (dad), but when calling to him you use the vocative: тату. Similar patterns:

• мама → мамо
• Олег → Олеже
• друг → друже It’s capitalized here simply because it starts the sentence. Mid‑sentence it would normally be lowercase: тату.

Use the plural/Polite imperative:

• Тату, будь ласка, одягніть шапку і підніміть капюшон — на вулиці мороз. You can place будь ласка right after the vocative or at the end: both are fine.

It’s the 2nd‑person singular imperative of the perfective verb одягнути/одягти “to put on (clothing).” Imperative perfective is the normal choice for a one‑time action: одягни (шапку) = “put (your hat) on now.”
Compare:

• одягай (imperfective) = “keep putting on” / “put on (as a habit)”

All three are used today:

• одягни шапку — the most common and fully standard in modern Ukrainian.
• надягни шапку — also correct; some style guides prefer it specifically for “put on an item.”
• вдягни шапку — very common colloquially (especially regionally). Some editors avoid it, but you’ll hear it a lot.
  In everyday speech, одягни шапку is perfectly natural.

The dash introduces an explanation/reason: “Put on your hat and pull up your hood — it’s freezing outside.” You could also write it with бо/тому що:

• …, бо на вулиці мороз.
  Note that на вулиці мороз is a normal Ukrainian nominal sentence (no present‑tense “to be” is needed).

Common options:

• надворі (very common and natural)
• на вулиці
  Both mean “outside” in general weather talk. Example: Надворі мороз. / На вулиці мороз.

Stresses: Та́ту, одягни́ ша́пку і підніми́ капюшо́н — на ву́лиці моро́з.
Pronunciation tips:

• г is a voiced “h” (not hard “g”): одя[ɦ]ни́.
• ш is “sh.”
• ю in капюшон is like “yu.”

Yes, Ukrainian word order is flexible. For example:

• Тату, підніми капюшон і одягни шапку — на вулиці мороз.
• Мороз на вулиці. / На вулиці мороз. Shifting parts usually changes emphasis, not basic meaning.

Мороз means “frost/freezing conditions,” typically below 0°C (32°F). It’s stronger than холодно (“cold”).

• На вулиці мороз ≈ “It’s freezing outside.”
• На вулиці холодно ≈ “It’s cold outside.”

All three mean “and,” but euphony rules guide the choice:

• і is neutral and works everywhere.
• й is often used between vowels to avoid a hiatus (e.g., мама й, а не мама і онук); it’s less common at the start of a sentence.
• та also means “and” (though in some contexts it can mean “but”).
  Here і before a word starting with a consonant (підніми) is the most natural.