Learn Hardcore Ukrainian: Я куплю пару рукавичок і теплий шарф. - I will buy a pair of gloves and a warm scarf.

Куплю is 1st person singular future of a perfective verb (купити). It means a single, completed action in the future (“I will buy [once]”). To emphasize process/repetition, use the imperfective future:

Analytic: я буду купувати (I will be buying)
Synthetic: я купуватиму (I will be buying; more bookish but correct)

Why is it пару and not пара?

Пара (“a pair”) is a feminine noun. As the direct object of куплю, it takes the accusative singular form пару.

Why is it рукавичок after пару?

After measure/quantity nouns like пара (“pair”), the counted item is put in the genitive plural. So we say пара рукавичок (a pair of gloves), just like:

пара шкарпеток (pair of socks)
пара джинсів (pair of jeans)

Can I say пару рукавички or пару рукавичків?

No. With пара, the following noun must be genitive plural: пару рукавичок. Forms like рукавички (nom. pl.) or рукавичків (wrong ending) are incorrect here.

What are the basic forms of “glove” here?

Singular: рукавичка
Nominative plural: рукавички
Genitive plural: рукавичок (used after пара)

Are рукавички and рукавиці the same?

Not exactly.

Рукавички = gloves (separate fingers)
Рукавиці = mittens (one compartment for fingers)
Both are common; use the one that matches what you mean.

Can I omit пару and just say I’ll buy gloves?

Yes: Я куплю рукавички. That means “I’ll buy gloves” (unspecified quantity, possibly more than one pair). Пару рукавичок specifies exactly one pair.

Why теплий шарф and not теплого шарфа?

With inanimate masculine nouns in the accusative (direct object), Ukrainian uses the nominative form. So it’s теплий шарф.
The genitive (теплого шарфа) appears in other contexts, e.g., with negation/possession: У мене немає теплого шарфа (I don’t have a warm scarf).

Does the adjective have to agree with the noun?

Yes. Теплий (masc. nominative singular) agrees with шарф (masc. inanimate). If the noun changed (e.g., plural: шарфи), the adjective would change too (теплі шарфи).

Can I use й or та instead of і?

Yes, for euphony/style:

і is the default “and.”
й is often used before a vowel-starting word to avoid a hiatus.
та also means “and,” sometimes used to avoid repetition of і or for a slightly more literary feel. Here, і теплий шарф is perfectly natural.

Is the word order fixed? Can I swap the two objects?

You can swap without changing the meaning:
Я куплю теплий шарф і пару рукавичок.
Ukrainian word order is flexible; the default is neutral, and movement can add emphasis.

Can I drop the subject Я?

Yes. Ukrainian often omits subject pronouns because the verb ending shows the person.
Куплю пару рукавичок і теплий шарф. is natural in context.

How do I pronounce or romanize the sentence?

A simple romanization: Ya kuplyu paru rukavychok i teplyi sharf.
Notes:

я = ya
ю in куплю = yu (kuplyu)
ч = ch (as in “church”)
ш = sh
и is like the short “i” in “bit,” not “ee.”

What are the basic forms of шарф?

Singular: шарф
Accusative (inanimate) singular: шарф (same as nominative)
Nominative plural: шарфи
Genitive plural: шарфів
Colloquial diminutive: шарфик (informal).

How would I say it in the past?

Past tense agrees with the speaker’s gender:

Male speaker: Я купив пару рукавичок і теплий шарф.
Female speaker: Я купила пару рукавичок і теплий шарф.

How do I make it negative?

Add не before the verb:
Я не куплю пару рукавичок і теплий шарф. (I won’t buy a pair of gloves and a warm scarf.)
With possession-style negation you’d use genitive: У мене немає теплого шарфа.