Цей урок складний.

the lesson

Breakdown of Цей урок складний.

• цей: this
• складний: difficult

Questions & Answers about Цей урок складний.

What part of speech is цей, and how does it change to match the noun it modifies?

цей is a demonstrative pronoun (functioning like an adjective) meaning “this.” It agrees with the noun in gender, number, and case. In the nominative case it appears as:

• masculine: цей
• feminine: ця
• neuter: це
• plural: ці

What is урок, and why is it in the nominative singular here?

урок is a masculine noun (“lesson”). It’s in the nominative singular because it’s the subject of the sentence. In Ukrainian, the nominative case typically marks the subject.

What part of speech is складний, and why does it end in -ний?

складний is an adjective meaning “difficult” or “complex.” It consists of the stem складн- and the masculine nominative singular ending -ий, which appears as -ний because the stem ends in дн-. Adjectives agree with the noun they modify, so here it matches a masculine noun in the nominative singular.

Why isn’t there a word for “is” in Цей урок складний?

In Ukrainian, the present-tense copula (“to be”) is usually omitted. You simply state the subject and predicate adjective or noun, and it’s understood as “This lesson is difficult.”