Кравець шиє тканину за допомогою голки.

A word-by-word breakdown:

• Кравець = tailor
• шиє = sews / is sewing
• тканину = fabric / cloth in the accusative case
• за допомогою = with the help of / by means of
• голки = needle in the genitive case

So the sentence literally means something like:

• The tailor sews the fabric with the help of a needle
• more naturally in English: The tailor sews fabric using a needle

Because it is the direct object of the verb шиє (sews).

In Ukrainian, feminine nouns ending in -а usually change to -у / -ю in the accusative singular.

So:

• тканина = nominative singular, fabric
• тканину = accusative singular, fabric as the object of the action

Compare:

• Тканина дорога. = The fabric is expensive.
  Here тканина is the subject.
• Кравець шиє тканину. = The tailor sews the fabric.
  Here тканину is the object.

Because the phrase за допомогою requires the genitive case.

So:

• голка = nominative singular, needle
• голки = genitive singular, of a needle / with the help of a needle

This is a fixed expression:

• за допомогою + genitive

Examples:

• за допомогою комп’ютера = with the help of a computer
• за допомогою друга = with the help of a friend
• за допомогою голки = with the help of a needle

If you said голкою, that would be the instrumental case, and it would fit a different structure, such as:

• Кравець шиє голкою. = The tailor sews with a needle.

That version is also correct, and actually sounds simpler and more direct.

Шиє is the 3rd person singular present tense of the verb шити (to sew).

So:

• я шию = I sew
• ти шиєш = you sew
• він / вона шиє = he / she sews
• ми шиємо = we sew
• ви шиєте = you sew
• вони шиють = they sew

Since кравець is he / the tailor, the verb is шиє.

Not usually in everyday speech.

За допомогою is correct, but it is a bit more formal or explanatory. A more natural everyday version would often be:

• Кравець шиє тканину голкою.

Here голкою is in the instrumental case, which is commonly used for the tool used to do something.

So the difference is roughly:

• за допомогою голки = with the help of a needle / by means of a needle
• голкою = with a needle

Both are grammatical, but голкою is more straightforward.

Because Ukrainian has no articles like English a / an / the.

So:

• кравець can mean a tailor or the tailor
• тканину can mean fabric or the fabric
• голки can mean a needle or the needle, depending on context

Ukrainian usually shows definiteness through context, not with articles.

Кравець is in the nominative singular, because it is the subject of the sentence.

It is a masculine noun meaning tailor.

In this sentence:

• Кравець = who is doing the action
• шиє = the action
• тканину = what is being sewn

So the basic structure is:

• subject + verb + object

Yes. Ukrainian word order is fairly flexible because the cases show each word’s role.

The neutral order here is:

• Кравець шиє тканину за допомогою голки.

But you could also rearrange it for emphasis, for example:

• Тканину кравець шиє за допомогою голки.
• За допомогою голки кравець шиє тканину.

These versions shift emphasis, but the grammatical roles stay clear because of the case endings.

That said, for learners, the original order is the easiest and most neutral.

Шиє is pronounced roughly like SHY-yeh, but with a shorter, more Ukrainian-style vowel.

A rough guide:

• ш = sh
• и = a short vowel sound, not exactly English ee or ih
• є = ye / ie sound, depending on position

So шиє sounds approximately like:

• shy-ye

The whole sentence is roughly:

• KRA-vets SHY-ye tka-NY-nu za do-po-MO-ho-yu HOL-ky

This is only an approximation, but it can help at first.

In this sentence, тканину is singular accusative.

Ukrainian is treating fabric / cloth here as a single material or piece of material, which is very natural.

• тканина = fabric, cloth
• тканину = fabric/cloth as the object

If you wanted fabrics in the plural, that would be different:

• тканини = fabrics (nominative plural, or sometimes genitive singular depending on context)

So here тканину is simply one piece of fabric / fabric as a material being sewn.

It can mean either, depending on context.

The Ukrainian present tense often covers both:

• The tailor is sewing the fabric
• The tailor sews fabric

So шиє can describe:

1. an action happening right now
2. a habitual or general action

Context tells you which one is meant.

For example:

• Зараз кравець шиє тканину. = Right now the tailor is sewing the fabric.
• Кравець шиє тканину для костюмів. = The tailor sews fabric for suits / works with fabric for suits

The pattern is:

• Subject
  • Verb
    • Direct object
      • Prepositional phrase

Specifically:

• Кравець = subject
• шиє = verb
• тканину = direct object
• за допомогою голки = phrase showing the means used

So a learner can think of it as:

• Who? → Кравець
• Does what? → шиє
• What? → тканину
• By what means? → за допомогою голки

That is a very useful way to parse many Ukrainian sentences.