Ґрунт сухий, так що ми поливаємо розсаду.

In Ukrainian, the present-tense verb to be is usually omitted.

So:

• Ґрунт сухий = The soil is dry
• literally, it looks like Soil dry

This is completely normal in Ukrainian.
If you were talking about the past or future, a form of бути would appear:

• Ґрунт був сухий = The soil was dry
• Ґрунт буде сухий = The soil will be dry

Because ґрунт is a masculine singular noun, and the adjective has to agree with it.

Agreement here is:

• ґрунт — masculine singular
• сухий — masculine singular

Compare:

• сухий ґрунт = dry soil
• суха земля = dry earth/ground
• сухе повітря = dry air

So the ending of сухий is chosen to match ґрунт.

Here так що means so, therefore, or as a result.

So:

• Ґрунт сухий, так що ми поливаємо розсаду. = The soil is dry, so we are watering the seedlings.

It introduces the result of the first part.

A useful contrast:

• так що = so / therefore
• тому що = because

So:

• Ґрунт сухий, так що ми поливаємо розсаду. = The soil is dry, so we water the seedlings.
• Ми поливаємо розсаду, тому що ґрунт сухий. = We water the seedlings because the soil is dry.

Because так що links two clauses:

1. Ґрунт сухий
2. ми поливаємо розсаду

In Ukrainian, clauses joined by conjunctions like this are normally separated by a comma.

So the comma is standard punctuation here.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Поливаємо is:

• 1st person plural = we
• present tense
• imperfective aspect

Because it is imperfective, it can describe:

• an action happening now: we are watering
• a repeated/habitual action: we water

So this sentence could mean either:

• The soil is dry, so we are watering the seedlings
• The soil is dry, so we water the seedlings

English forces you to choose more clearly than Ukrainian often does.

Because it is the direct object of поливаємо, so it is in the accusative case.

The dictionary form is:

• розсада = seedling, nursery plants, seedlings

In the accusative singular it becomes:

• розсаду

So:

• поливати розсаду = to water the seedlings

This is a very common pattern in Ukrainian: the direct object changes form.

Compare:

• Я бачу розсаду. = I see the seedlings.
• Ми поливаємо розсаду. = We water the seedlings.

Розсада usually means seedlings, young plants, or transplants grown for planting out.

It is not just any plant. It usually refers to young cultivated plants, especially vegetable or garden plants, that are being raised before being transplanted.

So in this sentence, розсаду is more specific than just plants.

Yes, very often you can.

Because поливаємо already means we water / we are watering, the pronoun ми is not strictly necessary.

So both are possible:

• ...так що ми поливаємо розсаду.
• ...так що поливаємо розсаду.

Including ми may sound a bit more explicit or emphatic.
Omitting it is also very natural in Ukrainian.

Ukrainian has two different letters here:

• г = a voiced sound somewhat like a soft h
• ґ = a hard g sound, closer to English g in go

So ґрунт starts with ґ, not г, and is pronounced with a real g sound.

That is why the word is written Ґрунт.

A helpful stressed version is:

Ґрунт сухи́й, так що ми полива́ємо розса́ду.

Rough pronunciation guide:

• Ґрунт — groont
• сухи́й — soo-KHYY
• так що — tak shcho
• полива́ємо — po-ly-VA-ye-mo
• розса́ду — roz-SA-du

A few notes:

• ґ is a hard g
• х is like the ch in Scottish loch or German Bach
• щ in modern Ukrainian is usually pronounced roughly like shch

Yes. Ukrainian word order is more flexible than English word order.

This sentence is neutral and natural:

• Ґрунт сухий, так що ми поливаємо розсаду.

But other arrangements are possible depending on emphasis. For example:

• Так що ми поливаємо розсаду, бо ґрунт сухий.
• Сухий ґрунт, так що поливаємо розсаду.

Not every variation sounds equally neutral, but Ukrainian allows more movement than English does.

The original sentence sounds straightforward and natural.

Ukrainian does not have articles.

So:

• ґрунт can mean the soil or soil
• розсаду can mean the seedlings or seedlings

The exact meaning comes from context.

In this sentence, English naturally uses the:

• The soil is dry, so we are watering the seedlings.

But Ukrainian does not need separate words for that.