Пацієнт скаржиться на симптом під час обстеження.

Скаржиться means complains or is complaining.

It comes from the verb скаржитися = to complain.
The ending -ся is a common Ukrainian verb ending that often appears in dictionary forms and conjugated forms. In this verb, you should learn the whole item скаржитися / скаржиться as one unit.

Here, скаржиться is:

• 3rd person singular
• present tense
• used for he/she/it or for a singular noun like пацієнт

So:

• Я скаржуся = I complain / am complaining
• Ти скаржишся = you complain
• Пацієнт скаржиться = the patient complains

Because скаржитися is the dictionary form, meaning to complain, while скаржиться is the conjugated form used with пацієнт.

Compare:

• скаржитися = to complain
• скаржиться = complains / is complaining

Since пацієнт is he/she/it-style singular grammatically, the verb must be in the matching form:

• Пацієнт скаржиться = The patient complains

This is similar to English to complain vs complains.

After скаржитися на, Ukrainian normally uses the accusative case.

So the pattern is:

• скаржитися на + accusative

Examples:

• скаржитися на біль = to complain of pain
• скаржитися на кашель = to complain of a cough
• скаржитися на симптом = to complain of a symptom

Here, симптом is a masculine inanimate noun, and in the singular its accusative form is the same as its nominative form:

• nominative: симптом
• accusative: симптом

So even though the case has changed, the word looks the same.

Yes. It is a very common pattern and worth memorizing as a chunk:

• скаржитися на щось = to complain of/about something

In medical contexts, it often means a patient reports a problem or symptom.

Common examples:

• скаржитися на біль у грудях = to complain of chest pain
• скаржитися на втому = to complain of fatigue
• скаржитися на запаморочення = to complain of dizziness

So it is very natural to learn скаржитися на + accusative as a set phrase.

Під час means during.

It is a fixed expression, and the noun after it goes in the genitive case:

• під час + genitive

In your sentence:

• під час обстеження = during the examination

This is a very useful phrase in formal and medical Ukrainian.

More examples:

• під час операції = during the operation
• під час лекції = during the lecture
• під час візиту = during the visit

Because обстеження is in the genitive singular here, but for this noun the nominative singular and genitive singular happen to look the same.

The noun is:

• dictionary form: обстеження = examination, check-up, investigation

After під час, we need the genitive:

• під час обстеження

So the grammar changes, even though the spelling does not.

This is common with many neuter nouns ending in -ння or -ття.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Ukrainian present tense often covers both:

• The patient complains
• The patient is complaining

So:

• Пацієнт скаржиться на симптом під час обстеження.

could describe a general situation or something happening right now.

English often forces you to choose between simple and progressive forms, but Ukrainian does not always make that distinction in the same way.

Ukrainian has no articles, so there is no direct equivalent of a/an/the.

That means пацієнт can mean:

• a patient
• the patient

Which one is meant depends on context.

In a medical note or example sentence, пацієнт is often naturally understood as the patient.

Ukrainian word order is fairly flexible. The sentence as given is natural, but other orders are also possible.

Original:

• Пацієнт скаржиться на симптом під час обстеження.

You could also say:

• Під час обстеження пацієнт скаржиться на симптом.

This puts more focus on during the examination.

In many cases, Ukrainian changes word order for emphasis, topic, or style, not because the grammar would become wrong.

It is grammatically correct, but in real medical language speakers often say something a bit more specific or use the plural.

For example, more natural phrases might be:

• скаржиться на симптоми = complains of symptoms
• скаржиться на біль = complains of pain
• скаржиться на нудоту = complains of nausea
• скаржиться на кашель = complains of a cough

So your sentence is useful for grammar, especially for learning скаржитися на + accusative, but in real life medical records the object is often more specific.

A rough English-friendly guide is:

• skar-zhyt-tsya

A few helpful points:

• ж sounds like the s in measure
• ться at the end is pronounced quite compactly, something like -tsya
• the stress is typically on ка́р in ска́ржиться

So a rough pronunciation is:

• SKAR-zhyt-tsya

If you want to sound more natural, try not to pronounce every letter separately at the end; -ться tends to come out as one smooth ending.

It is written as two words: під час.

Functionally, you can think of it as a fixed prepositional expression meaning during.

So even though it literally looks like under time, in actual usage you should treat it as a set phrase:

• під час обстеження = during the examination
• під час розмови = during the conversation

For learners, the easiest approach is to memorize:

• під час + genitive = during

Possibly, depending on context, but скаржиться на most directly means complains of/about.

In medical English, people sometimes translate more naturally rather than literally, so reports a symptom might fit some contexts. Still, the most direct match is:

• Пацієнт скаржиться на симптом = The patient complains of a symptom

If you want a more neutral idea like reports, Ukrainian might use a different verb depending on the situation.

The most useful pattern is:

• [person/noun] + скаржиться на + accusative + під час + genitive

Using your sentence:

• Пацієнт = subject
• скаржиться = complains
• на симптом = of a symptom
• під час обстеження = during the examination

So a very practical takeaway is:

• скаржитися на + accusative
• під час + genitive

Those two patterns appear very often in formal, medical, and everyday Ukrainian.