Велосипедист гальмує щоразу, коли бачить червоне світло.

Щоразу means every time or whenever.

So:

• щоразу, коли ... = every time that ... / whenever ...

In this sentence, щоразу, коли бачить червоне світло means whenever he sees a red light.

A very close alternative is кожного разу, коли ....
That is slightly more literal: every time when ....

Because Ukrainian uses the present tense for habitual actions and general facts, just like English does in sentences such as:

• He brakes whenever he sees a red light.

Here, the sentence is not talking about one specific moment. It describes what the cyclist usually does.

So:

• гальмує = brakes / is braking depending on context
• бачить = sees / is seeing depending on context

In this sentence, the natural meaning is habitual: he brakes whenever he sees a red light.

Because Ukrainian often does not need a separate subject pronoun if the subject is already clear.

Here, the subject is explicitly given:

• Велосипедист = the cyclist

So there is no need to add він (he).

In fact, adding він here would usually sound unnecessary unless you wanted extra emphasis.

These are 3rd person singular present tense forms.

• гальмувати = to brake
• бачити = to see

Conjugation here:

• він/вона/воно гальмує = he/she/it brakes
• він/вона/воно бачить = he/she/it sees

Since велосипедист is singular, the verbs are singular too.

Yes, it is the direct object, so it is in the accusative case.

However, for inanimate neuter nouns, the accusative is often the same as the nominative.

So:

• світло = nominative singular
• світло = accusative singular as well

And the adjective agrees with it:

• червоне світло

So although it is an object, its form looks unchanged.

Because коли бачить червоне світло is a subordinate clause.

Ukrainian normally separates subordinate clauses with a comma, especially when introduced by words like:

• коли = when
• якщо = if
• що = that
• бо = because

So the comma in:

• Велосипедист гальмує щоразу, коли бачить червоне світло.

is standard punctuation.

Коли means when.

In this sentence it introduces the time clause:

• коли бачить червоне світло = when he sees a red light

Together with щоразу, it gives the idea of repeated time:

• щоразу, коли ... = whenever ...

So коли by itself is when, but combined with щоразу, the whole phrase means whenever / every time that.

No, Ukrainian word order is fairly flexible, though some orders sound more neutral than others.

The given sentence is natural and neutral:

• Велосипедист гальмує щоразу, коли бачить червоне світло.

You could also hear:

• Велосипедист щоразу гальмує, коли бачить червоне світло.

The meaning stays basically the same, but the emphasis shifts a little.

A good rule:

• put the most important or emphasized information in a prominent position,
• but for learners, the original order is a very good standard model.

Here it simply means sees.

• бачити = to see

Sometimes English uses can see, but Ukrainian usually just uses бачити without a separate equivalent of can in this kind of sentence.

So:

• коли бачить червоне світло = when he sees a red light

not specifically when he is able to see.

Because this sentence describes a repeated, habitual action, and Ukrainian normally uses the imperfective aspect for that.

• гальмувати = imperfective, to brake / to be braking / to brake habitually
• a perfective form would suggest a single completed action in a particular situation

Since the meaning is whenever he sees a red light, he brakes, the imperfective гальмує is exactly what you want.

Grammatically, велосипедист is a masculine noun and literally refers to a male cyclist.

The feminine form is:

• велосипедистка = female cyclist

However, in some contexts a masculine noun can be used more generally, especially in dictionary-style or generic statements. But if you specifically want to refer to a woman, use велосипедистка.

So this sentence most naturally suggests a male cyclist or the cyclist as a generic example.

Червоне світло literally means red light.

In context, it usually means the red traffic signal—that is, the red light at a traffic light.

Important distinction:

• світло = light
• світлофор = traffic light

So:

• бачить червоне світло = sees a red light
• бачить червоне світло світлофора = sees the red light of the traffic signal

In everyday language, the shorter version is often enough because the context makes it clear.

Sometimes in natural English, yes, but it is better to understand the Ukrainian precisely.

• коли = when
• щоразу, коли = whenever / every time that

So the sentence has a repeated-action meaning, not just a one-time when.

Best translations would be:

• The cyclist brakes whenever he sees a red light.
• The cyclist brakes every time he sees a red light.

Those capture the Ukrainian more accurately than plain when.