Колесо має нову спицю.

• Колесо = wheel; this is the subject
• має = has; this is the verb
• нову спицю = a new spoke; this is the direct object

So the structure is basically subject + verb + object, just like in English.

Колесо is in the nominative singular, because it is the subject of the sentence.

Its dictionary form is also колесо, so nothing changes here.

A few useful facts:

• it is a neuter noun
• singular
• nominative case

This is the form you would normally use for the thing doing or having something.

Має is the 3rd person singular present tense of the verb мати (to have).

So:

• я маю = I have
• ти маєш = you have
• він / вона / воно має = he / she / it has

Since колесо is a singular noun, має is the correct form: the wheel has.

Because спицю is the direct object of має, so it takes the accusative case.

The dictionary form is спиця:

• nominative singular: спиця
• accusative singular: спицю

This happens because спиця is a feminine noun ending in -я. In the accusative singular, that ending changes to -ю.

So:

• спиця = a spoke (subject form)
• спицю = a spoke (object form)

For the same reason: the adjective must match the noun it describes.

Since спицю is:

• feminine
• singular
• accusative

the adjective новий (new) must also become:

• feminine
• singular
• accusative

So:

• nominative: нова спиця
• accusative: нову спицю

This is called adjective agreement.

They agree in:

• gender: feminine
• number: singular
• case: accusative

That is why the phrase is нову спицю, not some other combination.

You can think of it this way:

• the noun changes because of its role in the sentence
• the adjective changes to match the noun

Not completely. Ukrainian word order is more flexible than English because case endings show the grammatical roles.

Колесо має нову спицю is the most neutral order.

But other orders are possible, for example:

• Нову спицю має колесо
• Має колесо нову спицю

These can sound marked or emphasize different parts of the sentence. For a learner, Колесо має нову спицю is the safest and most neutral version.

Ukrainian does not have articles like English a/an and the.

So Колесо can mean:

• the wheel
• a wheel

and нову спицю can mean:

• a new spoke
• the new spoke

The exact meaning depends on context. English requires articles; Ukrainian usually does not.

Yes. A common alternative possession pattern uses у ... є:

• У колеса є нова спиця.

Literally, this is something like At the wheel there is a new spoke, but in natural English it still means The wheel has a new spoke.

The difference is mostly stylistic:

• Колесо має нову спицю = straightforward has
• У колеса є нова спиця = an there is / exists style of possession

Both are grammatical.

The dictionary forms are:

• колесо → already in dictionary form
• мати → dictionary form of має
• новий → dictionary form of нову
• спиця → dictionary form of спицю

This is useful because when you look words up, you usually need the dictionary form, not the form used in the sentence.