Десятий урок короткий.

The tenth lesson is short.

Breakdown of Десятий урок короткий.

• урок: the lesson
• короткий: brief
• десятий: tenth

Questions & Answers about Десятий урок короткий.

Why is there no word for is in this sentence?

In Ukrainian, the verb to be is usually left out in the present tense.

So:

• Десятий урок короткий. literally looks like Tenth lesson short but means The tenth lesson is short.

This is completely normal in Ukrainian.
If you want to talk about the past or future, forms of бути are used more clearly.

For example:

• Урок був короткий. = The lesson was short.
• Урок буде короткий. = The lesson will be short.

Why is it десятий and not десять?

Десять means ten.

But десятий means tenth.

English has the same distinction:

• ten = a cardinal number
• tenth = an ordinal number

In this sentence, десятий describes урок as a position in a sequence, so it must be an ordinal number:

• десятий урок = the tenth lesson

Grammatically, ordinal numbers in Ukrainian behave like adjectives, not like basic numbers.

Why do both десятий and короткий end in -ий?