Лікар оглянув стопу.

Because стопу is the accusative singular form of стопа.

• стопа = the dictionary form, nominative singular
• стопу = accusative singular, used here because it is the direct object of the verb оглянув

So in Лікар оглянув стопу, the doctor is examining the foot, and direct objects often change form in Ukrainian.

The dictionary form is оглянути.

Оглянув is:

• past tense
• masculine singular
• from the perfective verb оглянути

It means something like examined / inspected / looked over.

So оглянув tells you that the action was completed.

That ending shows past tense masculine singular.

In Ukrainian past tense, verbs often agree with the gender and number of the subject:

• оглянув = he examined
• оглянула = she examined
• оглянуло = it examined
• оглянули = they examined

So Лікар оглянув стопу suggests that the doctor is male, or at least grammatically treated as masculine.

It would usually be:

Лікар оглянула стопу.

Only the verb changes:

• оглянув → masculine
• оглянула → feminine

The noun лікар can refer to a doctor of either sex, but the verb in the past tense reveals the gender.

A more explicitly feminine noun is лікарка, so you could also say:

Лікарка оглянула стопу.

Because Ukrainian has no articles like English a/an/the.

So:

• лікар can mean a doctor or the doctor
• стопу can mean a foot or the foot

The exact meaning depends on context. Ukrainian speakers usually understand from the situation what is meant.

Yes, you can change it, although Лікар оглянув стопу is the most neutral order.

This sentence uses normal subject–verb–object order:

• Лікар = subject
• оглянув = verb
• стопу = object

Other orders are possible for emphasis, for example:

• Стопу оглянув лікар. = It was the doctor who examined the foot.
• Оглянув лікар стопу. = more marked or stylistic

Because Ukrainian uses case endings, word order is more flexible than in English.

The usual stress is:

• лі́кар
• огляну́в
• стопу́ or sometimes learners may encounter сто́пу in careful dictionary-style marking depending on source, but standard modern pronunciation is стопу́

A practical pronunciation guide:

• лі́кар ≈ LEE-kar
• огляну́в ≈ oh-hlya-NOOV
• стопу́ ≈ stoh-POO

So the sentence sounds roughly like:

LEE-kar oh-hlya-NOOV stoh-POO

Not exactly.

• стопа = foot specifically
• нога = leg, and in some contexts also foot

So стопа is more anatomically precise. In a medical sentence like this, стопа is very natural because it specifically refers to the foot.

That is why Лікар оглянув стопу sounds precise and medical: The doctor examined the foot.

Оглянути is perfective.

That means the sentence presents the examination as a completed whole event:

• the doctor examined the foot, and the action is viewed as finished

The imperfective partner is usually оглядати:

• Лікар оглядав стопу. = The doctor was examining / used to examine the foot.

So:

• оглянув = completed examination
• оглядав = ongoing, repeated, or background action

This is a very important distinction in Ukrainian verbs.

Yes, grammatically лікар is a masculine noun.

You can tell from:

• its form
• the way the past tense verb agrees with it

In this sentence:

• лікар is masculine singular
• therefore the verb appears as оглянув

Even when лікар refers to a woman in real life, many speakers still treat лікар as grammatically masculine unless they use лікарка.

Yes. Depending on context, оглянути can mean:

• to examine
• to inspect
• to look over
• to check

In a medical context, examined is usually the best translation. In another context, such as checking a room or a car, it might be better translated as inspected or looked over.

So the exact English choice depends on context, even though the core idea is the same.

Because стопу is the accusative singular form.

Compare:

• nominative singular: стопа
• accusative singular: стопу
• nominative plural: стопи
• accusative plural: usually стопи for this inanimate noun

So стопу clearly means one foot, not feet.

Стопа is inanimate, and yes, that matters in Ukrainian case patterns.

For many masculine nouns, animate vs. inanimate affects the accusative strongly.
For this feminine noun, the important thing here is simply that feminine nouns in -а often take -у / -ю in the accusative singular:

• стопа → стопу
• рука → руку
• книга → книгу

So even though стопа is inanimate, it still changes form because it is a feminine direct object.

Yes.

Because Ukrainian has no articles, the sentence can mean:

• A doctor examined a foot
• The doctor examined the foot
• The doctor examined a foot

Context tells you which is intended.

Out of context, English translators often choose The doctor examined the foot if the situation sounds specific, especially in a medical setting.