Enfeksiyon kemiğe ulaşmamış.

The infection apparently did not reach the bone.

Breakdown of Enfeksiyon kemiğe ulaşmamış.

• ulaşmak: to reach
• kemik: a bone
• enfeksiyon: an infection

Questions & Answers about Enfeksiyon kemiğe ulaşmamış.

Why is it kemiğe and not kemik?

Because kemiğe is the dative form of kemik (bone).

Here, ulaşmak means to reach, and it normally takes a noun in the dative case, so:

• kemik = bone
• kemiğe = to the bone

There is also a sound change:

• final k often becomes ğ before a vowel-initial suffix
• so kemik + e becomes kemiğe

So the phrase kemiğe ulaşmak means to reach the bone.

What exactly is ulaşmamış?

Ulaşmamış comes from the verb ulaşmak (to reach).

It breaks down like this:

• ulaş- = reach
• -ma- = negative
• -mış = inferential/reported past

So literally it means something like:

• has apparently not reached
• it turns out it has not reached
• in natural English here: hasn't reached

In this sentence, the third-person singular ending is zero, so ulaşmamış by itself already means he/she/it has apparently not reached.

Why is used instead of ?