Bu açıklama bana oldukça inandırıcı geldi.

Bana means to me. It is the dative form of ben (I).

• ben = I
• bana = to me

In this sentence, Turkish uses bana ... geldi to express the idea of it seemed/felt to me.

So:

• Bu açıklama bana inandırıcı geldi
  = This explanation seemed convincing to me

This is a very common pattern in Turkish:

• Bana ilginç geldi = It seemed interesting to me
• Bana garip geldi = It seemed strange to me
• Bana doğru geldi = It seemed right to me

Yes, geldi literally means came, from gelmek (to come). But in Turkish, birine + adjective + gelmek is a common expression meaning:

• to seem ... to someone
• to strike someone as ...
• to feel ... to someone

So inandırıcı geldi is not about physical movement. It means:

• seemed convincing
• struck me as convincing

This is an idiomatic use of gelmek.

Examples:

• Bana mantıklı geldi = It seemed logical to me
• Bana zor geldi = It seemed difficult to me
• Bana samimi geldi = It seemed sincere to me

Oldukça usually means quite, rather, or fairly.

In this sentence, it modifies inandırıcı:

• oldukça inandırıcı = quite convincing

It adds degree, but not usually as strongly as çok.

Rough comparison:

• inandırıcı = convincing
• oldukça inandırıcı = quite/fairly convincing
• çok inandırıcı = very convincing

Depending on context, oldukça can sound a little neutral or measured, like the speaker is making a reasonable judgment rather than a very emotional one.

İnandırıcı means convincing or persuasive.

It comes from the verb inandırmak, which means to convince or literally to cause someone to believe.

A simplified breakdown:

• inanmak = to believe
• inandırmak = to convince / to make someone believe
• inandırıcı = convincing

The suffix -ıcı / -ici / -ucu / -ücü often forms words meaning something like:

• that does X
• tending to X
• causing X

So inandırıcı is something that causes belief: convincing.

Because the sentence is not built with a simple to be structure. Instead, it uses the verb gelmek idiomatically:

• bana inandırıcı geldi
  = it seemed convincing to me

So the main verb is geldi, not a hidden version of to be.

If you wanted a plain sentence with is, you could say:

• Bu açıklama oldukça inandırıcı.
  = This explanation is quite convincing.

But the original sentence is slightly different in meaning:

• Bu açıklama oldukça inandırıcı geldi.
  = This explanation seemed quite convincing.

That sounds more like a personal impression or evaluation.

This is a very natural Turkish word order.

Breakdown:

• Bu açıklama = this explanation
• bana = to me
• oldukça inandırıcı = quite convincing
• geldi = seemed

Turkish usually puts the main verb at the end, so geldi comes last.

A very literal structure would be:

• This explanation to me quite convincing seemed

That said, Turkish word order is flexible. You could also hear:

• Bu açıklama oldukça inandırıcı geldi bana.
• Bana bu açıklama oldukça inandırıcı geldi.

These versions are all possible, but the original is neutral and natural.

Not in the same way. Oldu and geldi are different here.

• inandırıcı geldi = seemed convincing
• inandırıcı oldu = became convincing / turned out convincing

So geldi is about your impression. Oldu suggests a change or result.

Compare:

• Bana inandırıcı geldi = It seemed convincing to me
• Sonunda inandırıcı oldu = In the end, it became convincing

For the meaning in your sentence, geldi is the natural choice.

Bu means this, not that.

So:

• bu açıklama = this explanation
• şu açıklama = that explanation / that explanation there
• o açıklama = that explanation

A native English speaker may notice that Turkish demonstratives do not always match English perfectly in every situation, but in a basic sense:

• bu = this
• şu / o = that

So here, bu açıklama is clearly this explanation.

Açıklama is in the nominative form, which is the basic dictionary form. It is the subject of the sentence.

• Bu açıklama = this explanation

No extra ending is needed because it is not:

• a direct object in definite accusative form
• possessed
• in dative, locative, ablative, etc.

The sentence is basically saying:

• This explanation seemed quite convincing to me.

So bu açıklama is simply the thing being talked about.

Because oldukça is an adverb modifying the adjective inandırıcı.

In Turkish, adverbs usually come before the word they modify.

So:

• oldukça inandırıcı = quite convincing
• çok güzel = very beautiful
• biraz zor = a little difficult

This is very similar to English word order:

• quite convincing
• very beautiful
• a little difficult

Yes, if the context already makes it clear whose impression it is. But omitting it changes the feel of the sentence.

• Bu açıklama oldukça inandırıcı geldi.
  = This explanation seemed quite convincing.

This can still imply the speaker’s opinion, but bana makes it explicit:

• Bu açıklama bana oldukça inandırıcı geldi.
  = This explanation seemed quite convincing to me.

Including bana is useful when you want to emphasize that this is your personal impression, not necessarily an objective fact.

Geldi is in the simple past tense.

• gelmek = to come
• geldi = came

In this idiomatic use, it means:

• seemed
• felt
• struck me as

So the sentence describes a past impression:

• It seemed quite convincing to me

This does not necessarily mean the explanation belongs to the distant past; Turkish often uses the simple past for a completed reaction or judgment.

Yes, that is a very good natural translation.

Possible natural English translations include:

• This explanation seemed quite convincing to me.
• I found this explanation quite convincing.
• This explanation struck me as quite convincing.

All of these capture the meaning well.

The Turkish sentence is especially close to the idea of it seemed to me, because of the bana ... geldi structure.

Both can be translated as convincing, but they are not always identical.

• inandırıcı often means believable, credible, convincing
• ikna edici is often closer to persuasive

So:

• inandırıcı açıklama = a believable/convincing explanation
• ikna edici konuşma = a persuasive speech

In many contexts they overlap, but inandırıcı often focuses more on whether something feels believable or credible.

In your sentence, inandırıcı is a very natural choice because the speaker is evaluating the explanation as believable.

Yes. A simpler version would be:

• Bu açıklama inandırıcı geldi.
  = This explanation seemed convincing.

Or:

• Bu açıklama bana inandırıcı geldi.
  = This explanation seemed convincing to me.

The original sentence adds oldukça, which makes the judgment more specific:

• not just convincing
• but quite convincing

So the full sentence sounds a little more nuanced and polished.