Bu maddeyi sonra konuşalım.

Because madde is the definite direct object of the verb, so it takes the accusative ending.

• base noun: madde
• accusative form: maddeyi

The -y- is a buffer consonant. Turkish often inserts y between two vowels, since madde ends in a vowel and the accusative ending also begins with a vowel.

So:

• madde = item / clause / point
• maddeyi = the item / this specific item, as the object of the verb

This is similar to how English distinguishes between a general thing and a specific thing, except Turkish marks that with a suffix.

Here -yi is the accusative case ending, marking a specific, definite object.

In this sentence, the speaker is not talking about just any item, but that particular item already known in the conversation.

A useful contrast:

• Bir madde konuşalım = Let’s discuss an item
• Bu maddeyi konuşalım = Let’s discuss this item

So the ending helps show that the noun is specific.

Konuşalım comes from:

• konuş- = speak / talk / discuss
• -alım = let’s ... / we should ...

So grammatically, konuşalım is a first-person plural suggestion/request, often called the let’s form.

It expresses something like:

• let’s talk
• let’s discuss
• we should talk/discuss

It is not a plain future tense. It is a suggestion or proposal involving the speaker and at least one other person.

In many grammar explanations, yes: it is often grouped with the imperative system as the first-person plural imperative, meaning let’s ...

But in practice, for learners, it is often easiest to think of it as the let’s form.

So:

• Konuş! = Talk! (command to one person)
• Konuşun! = Talk! (command to more than one person / polite)
• Konuşalım! = Let’s talk! (speaker includes themself)

So it is command-like in function, but it feels more like a proposal than an order.

Because Turkish can use konuşmak directly with an object in the sense of discuss.

English often says:

• talk about something

But Turkish can say:

• bir şeyi konuşmak = to discuss something

So Bu maddeyi sonra konuşalım is structurally closer to:

• Let’s discuss this item later

rather than word-for-word:

• Let’s talk about this item later

Turkish can also use expressions like hakkında in some contexts:

• Bu madde hakkında sonra konuşalım

That also works, but it may sound a bit more explicitly like talk about rather than simply discuss.

Madde has several possible meanings depending on context. Common ones include:

• item
• article
• clause
• point
• substance / matter

In a sentence like this, it often refers to something on a list, in a meeting agenda, in a contract, or in a document.

So depending on context, it might mean:

• this item
• this point
• this clause
• this article

A learner should not assume it always means the same English word. Turkish nouns often cover a range of meanings that must be interpreted from context.

Bu means this.

It is a demonstrative and comes before the noun:

• bu madde = this item / this clause / this point

Unlike English, Turkish does not use articles like the or a in the same way. So bu already clearly identifies the noun as something specific and nearby in the conversation or situation.

Then the noun still takes the accusative ending because it is the definite object:

• bu madde
• bu maddeyi

Sonra means later or afterwards, and here it functions as an adverb.

Turkish word order is flexible, but the most neutral order is often:

subject/object + adverb + verb

So:

• Bu maddeyi sonra konuşalım

is a very natural ordering.

You can also move sonra for emphasis:

• Sonra bu maddeyi konuşalım
• Bu maddeyi daha sonra konuşalım

These are also natural, but the emphasis may shift slightly depending on what you want to highlight.

Yes. A few common alternatives are:

• Bu maddeyi daha sonra konuşalım.
  This sounds a bit more explicitly like later on.

• Sonra bu maddeyi konuşalım.
  This puts later first for emphasis.

• Bu konuyu sonra konuşalım.
  This uses konu instead of madde, so it means this topic rather than this item/clause/point.

Which one sounds best depends on context. If you are discussing agenda items, legal clauses, or listed points, madde is very suitable.

The ending -alım itself shows that the speaker is including themself plus others.

So Turkish does not need a separate word for we here. The verb already carries that meaning.

That is why:

• konuşalım already means let’s talk / let’s discuss
• saying biz konuşalım is possible, but usually only when you want extra emphasis on we

This is very common in Turkish: the verb ending often tells you the person and number, so the subject pronoun is often omitted.