Boğazım ağrıyınca tarhana bana iyi geliyor.

It has two parts:

• Boğazım ağrıyınca = when my throat hurts
• tarhana bana iyi geliyor = tarhana is good for me / helps me

A very literal breakdown is:

• boğaz-ım = my throat
• ağrı-y-ınca = when it hurts
• tarhana = tarhana
• bana = to me / for me
• iyi geliyor = comes good, meaning is good for me or helps

So the overall pattern is:

[When X happens], [Y is good for me].

Boğazım means my throat.

It is made from:

• boğaz = throat
• -ım = my

Turkish often shows possession with a suffix attached directly to the noun, instead of using a separate word like my.

So:

• boğaz = throat
• boğazım = my throat
• boğazın = your throat
• boğazı = his/her/its throat

This is very common with body parts in Turkish.

Ağrıyınca means when it hurts or when it starts hurting.

It comes from the verb ağrımak, which means to ache / to hurt.

The ending -(y)ınca / -(y)ince often means:

• when
• once
• sometimes whenever, depending on context

So:

• Boğazım ağrıyor. = My throat hurts.
• Boğazım ağrıyınca... = When my throat hurts...

In this sentence, it gives the time or situation in which the main statement is true.

That y is a buffer consonant.

The verb stem here ends in a vowel:

• ağrı-

When Turkish adds a suffix beginning with a vowel, it often inserts y between them to make pronunciation smoother.

So:

• ağrı + ınca would be awkward
• Turkish uses ağrı-y-ınca

This happens in many other words too.

They are similar, but not exactly the same.

• ağrıyınca = when it hurts / whenever it hurts
• ağrıdığında = also when it hurts, often a little more neutral or formal
• ağrıyorsa = if it hurts

So in your sentence, ağrıyınca gives a natural when meaning, not really an if meaning.

Tarhana is a traditional Turkish food, usually understood as a soup or soup base made from a dried fermented mixture.

In everyday speech, tarhana in a sentence like this usually means tarhana soup.

So even though the word is just tarhana, the real-life meaning is often:

• tarhana soup helps me
• especially when someone has a sore throat or feels unwell

Because the expression iyi gelmek takes the dative case.

• ben = I
• bana = to me / for me

Turkish uses bana because the meaning is something like:

• Tarhana bana iyi geliyor = Tarhana is good for me
• literally, Tarhana comes good to me

So bana marks the person affected by the action.

Yes, literally it is something like comes good, but that is not how you should translate it in natural English.

İyi gelmek is a very common Turkish expression meaning:

• to be good for someone
• to help
• to make someone feel better
• to agree with someone

Examples:

• Çay bana iyi geliyor. = Tea is good for me.
• Temiz hava bana iyi geliyor. = Fresh air does me good.
• Bu ilaç bana iyi gelmedi. = This medicine didn’t agree with me / didn’t help me.

So in your sentence, iyi geliyor is best understood as one chunk.

Both can be possible, but they sound a little different.

• iyi gelir often sounds more general, like a general truth
• iyi geliyor can sound more immediate, personal, or conversational

So:

• Tarhana bana iyi gelir. = Tarhana is good for me. / Tarhana helps me.
• Tarhana bana iyi geliyor. = Tarhana is helping me / Tarhana is good for me.

In everyday Turkish, -yor forms are often used in places where English might use a simple present.

Sometimes yes, if the meaning is already clear from context.

For example:

• Boğazım ağrıyınca tarhana iyi geliyor.

This can still be understood as When my throat hurts, tarhana helps or tarhana is good.

But bana makes it explicit that it is good for me. It sounds more complete and natural if you want to emphasize personal experience.

Because Turkish does not have articles like English a/an and the.

A bare noun like tarhana can be understood from context.

So tarhana here can mean something like:

• tarhana
• tarhana soup
• tarhana in general

Turkish relies much more on context than English does for this kind of thing.

Yes. Turkish word order is flexible, though some versions sound more natural than others.

The original sentence:

• Boğazım ağrıyınca tarhana bana iyi geliyor.

is very natural because the when clause comes first.

You could also hear:

• Tarhana boğazım ağrıyınca bana iyi geliyor.

This is possible, but it shifts emphasis toward tarhana.

In general, the original version is a very normal way to say it.

There are effectively two different subjects in the two parts:

1. In Boğazım ağrıyınca, the thing that hurts is boğazım = my throat.
2. In tarhana bana iyi geliyor, the thing that is good for you is tarhana.

So the sentence moves from:

• my throat hurts to
• tarhana helps me

This is a useful thing to notice, because Turkish often connects clauses like this very smoothly without extra words such as it.