Yaşlı adam bankta dinleniyor.

-ta is the locative suffix, which usually means in, on, at.

So:

• bank = bench
• bank-ta = on the bench / at the bench

Turkish often expresses meanings like in/on/at by adding a suffix directly to the noun instead of using a separate preposition.

The basic locative suffix is often shown as -DA, but it changes shape:

• -da / -de / -ta / -te

In bankta, it becomes -ta because bank ends in a voiceless consonant (k), so d changes to t.

Here bank means bench.

That can be confusing for English speakers, because:

• banka = bank, the financial institution
• bank = bench

So:

• bankta = on the bench
• bankada = at the bank

That final vowel makes a big difference.

Turkish does not have definite articles like English the.

So yaşlı adam can mean:

• the old man
• an old man
• simply old man, depending on context

Very often, context tells you whether the noun is definite or indefinite.

If Turkish wants to make something clearly indefinite in the singular, it can use bir:

• yaşlı bir adam = an old man

But in your sentence, there is no separate word for the.

In Turkish, adjectives usually come before the noun, just like in English.

So:

• yaşlı = old / elderly
• adam = man
• yaşlı adam = old man

If you say adam yaşlı, that usually means the man is old, where yaşlı is acting more like a predicate rather than directly modifying the noun.

So in this sentence, yaşlı adam is a noun phrase: the old man.

Yaşlı can mean old, but for people it often has the sense of elderly or older.

So yaşlı adam is often understood as:

• old man
• elderly man

It is a normal, common word, but depending on tone and context, English might translate it differently.

Dinleniyor is a verb in the present continuous tense, meaning something like:

• is resting
• is relaxing

It is built from the verb stem dinlen- plus the present continuous ending -iyor.

So:

• dinlen- = rest, relax
• dinleniyor = he/she/it is resting

Because the subject is already stated as yaşlı adam, there is no need to add a separate word for he.

The ending changes depending on the subject.

Here the subject is yaşlı adam = the old man, which is third person singular. In Turkish, third person singular often has no extra personal ending after the tense marker.

So:

• dinleniyorum = I am resting
• dinleniyorsun = you are resting
• dinleniyor = he/she/it is resting
• dinleniyoruz = we are resting
• dinleniyorsunuz = you are resting
• dinleniyorlar = they are resting

Since the subject is one man, dinleniyor is the correct form.

Yes. It is related.

A useful connection is:

• dinlemek = to listen
• dinlenmek = to rest, to relax

In dictionary form, the verb here is dinlenmek.

The -n element is part of the verb form and gives you a different verb from dinlemek. In modern Turkish, you should learn dinlenmek as its own vocabulary item meaning to rest.

So in this sentence:

• dinleniyor comes from dinlenmek
• meaning: is resting

Turkish often leaves out subject pronouns when the subject is already clear.

In this sentence, the subject is explicitly given:

• Yaşlı adam = the old man

So adding o (he/she/it) would usually be unnecessary.

Turkish prefers not to repeat information if the subject is already obvious from the noun or the verb form.

Turkish word order is more flexible than English, but the most neutral order is often:

Subject + place/time + verb

That is exactly what you have here:

• Yaşlı adam = subject
• bankta = location
• dinleniyor = verb

So the sentence is very natural and neutral.

You could change the order for emphasis, for example:

• Bankta yaşlı adam dinleniyor.
• Dinleniyor yaşlı adam bankta. (much less neutral, more marked)

But the standard learner-friendly version is:

Yaşlı adam bankta dinleniyor.

A few sounds may feel unfamiliar to English speakers:

• ş is pronounced like sh
• ı is the Turkish dotless i, a sound that does not exist exactly in English

So:

• yaşlı is roughly yash-luh, but that final vowel is not exactly uh; it is the Turkish ı
• adam is roughly ah-dam
• bankta is roughly bank-tah
• dinleniyor is roughly deen-leh-nee-yor

The most important new sound here is ı in yaşlı.

Turkish commonly puts the main verb at the end of the sentence.

That is one of the biggest structural differences from English.

So while English says:

• The old man is resting on the bench

Turkish naturally says:

• Old man + on the bench + is resting

This sentence is a good example of normal Turkish sentence structure.

Not exactly.

Dinleniyor specifically means is resting or is relaxing. It does not directly mean is sitting.

Of course, if someone is resting on a bench, they are probably sitting, but Turkish is not stating that explicitly here.

If you wanted to say is sitting, you would normally use a form of oturmak.

So the key idea in the sentence is resting, not just sitting.