Kedi mamasını yemeden uyumuyor.

Mamasını has three parts:

• mama = pet food / animal food
• -sı = 3rd person possessive suffix, so maması = his/her/its food
• -nı = accusative case, marking it as a specific direct object

So:

• mama → food
• maması → its food
• mamasını → its food, as the specific thing being eaten

The -n- is a buffer consonant that appears between the possessive suffix and the case ending.

Because the sentence is talking about the cat's own food, not just food in general.

• mamayı = the food
• mamasını = its food

That extra possessive part -sı adds the idea of its. In context, that its is understood to refer to the cat.

It can be kedinin mamasını, but Turkish often leaves the possessor unstated if it is already clear from context.

Here, the subject is kedi, so mamasını is naturally understood as the cat's food.

Compare:

• Kedi mamasını yemeden uyumuyor. = The cat doesn't sleep without eating its food.
• Kedinin mamasını yemeden uyumuyor. = The cat doesn't sleep without eating the cat's food.

The second version is more explicit, but the first is very natural if the reference is obvious.

Yemeden comes from:

• ye- = eat
• -meden = without doing / before doing

So yemeden means without eating or sometimes more naturally before eating.

This form is called an adverbial verb form (often called a converb in grammar books). It connects one action to another:

• mamasını yemeden = without eating its food / before eating its food

It can mean either, depending on context.

In many sentences, -madan / -meden is literally without doing:

• Kahvaltı etmeden çıktı. = He left without having breakfast.

But in some sentences, especially with a negative main verb, English often translates it more naturally as before doing or until:

• Kedi mamasını yemeden uyumuyor.

This can feel like:

• The cat doesn't sleep before eating its food
• or The cat won't sleep until it eats its food

So the literal structure is without eating, but the natural English idea may be closer to not until after eating.

Uyumuyor comes from:

• uyu- = sleep
• negative suffix -ma / -me
• present continuous -yor

So the basic structure is:

• uyu-ma-yor

But before -yor, the vowel in the negative suffix changes, so it becomes:

• uyumuyor

It means:

• is not sleeping
• or, depending on context, does not sleep

Good question. Both are possible in Turkish, but they give slightly different feels.

• uyumuyor = present continuous form; often used in everyday Turkish for both right now and regular behavior
• uyumaz = aorist/simple present; often sounds more general, habitual, or timeless

So:

• Kedi mamasını yemeden uyumuyor. feels natural in everyday speech.
• Kedi mamasını yemeden uyumaz. sounds more like a general rule: The cat doesn't sleep before eating its food.

In real spoken Turkish, -yor is very often used where English would use a simple present.

Turkish normally puts verbs at the end of their clause.

Here you actually have:

• Kedi = subject
• mamasını yemeden = subordinate part, without eating its food
• uyumuyor = main verb, isn't sleeping / doesn't sleep

Inside the smaller clause, the object also comes before its verb:

• mamasını yemeden literally = its food without eating

That may feel backwards from English, but it is normal Turkish word order.

Turkish does not have a word exactly like English the.

So kedi can mean:

• the cat
• a cat
• sometimes even cats in a general sense, depending on context

In this sentence, it is most naturally understood as the cat or the cat we are talking about.

If you specifically wanted a cat, you could say:

• bir kedi

Yes, but specifically for pet food / animal food, not ordinary human food.

So kedi maması means cat food.

If you used a more general word like yiyecek, it would mean food more broadly, but mama is the natural choice for what a cat eats.

It can be either, depending on context.

Because of uyumuyor, the sentence could mean:

• right now: the cat isn't going to sleep before eating
• habitually: the cat doesn't sleep before eating its food

Turkish often leaves that distinction to context. English usually forces you to choose more clearly, but Turkish often does not.