Ben bu konuyu ayrıntılı bir şekilde araştırıyorum.

Yes, you can usually leave ben out.

Turkish verbs already show the subject, and araştırıyorum means I am researching, so ben is not required for grammar. It is often included only for emphasis, contrast, or clarity.

So both of these are natural:

• Ben bu konuyu ayrıntılı bir şekilde araştırıyorum.
• Bu konuyu ayrıntılı bir şekilde araştırıyorum.

Using ben can sound a bit more like I am researching this topic... especially if you want to stress that it is you doing it.

Because konuyu is in the definite accusative form.

The base noun is:

• konu = topic, subject

Here, the topic is a specific one: this topic. Since it is the direct object of the verb araştırmak and it is definite, Turkish uses the accusative ending.

So:

• konu = topic
• konuyu = the topic / this topic (as the direct object)

The ending is:

• -yu

That y is a buffer consonant. Turkish often adds y between two vowels to make pronunciation smoother:

• konu + u → konuyu

Bu means this.

In Turkish, demonstratives like bu come before the noun, just like in English:

• bu konu = this topic

When the noun takes the accusative ending, bu stays the same:

• bu konuyu = this topic (as the object)

So the structure is:

• bu = this
• konuyu = topic + accusative

Literally, it means something like:

• in a detailed way
• in a detailed manner

Breakdown:

• ayrıntılı = detailed
• bir şekilde = in a way / in a manner

Together:

• ayrıntılı bir şekilde = in a detailed way

This is a very common Turkish pattern for making adverbial expressions:

• dikkatli bir şekilde = carefully
• hızlı bir şekilde = quickly / in a quick way
• açık bir şekilde = clearly

Here, bir does not really mean one in the counting sense.

In expressions like bir şekilde, it often works more like a in English:

• bir şekilde = in a way
• ayrıntılı bir şekilde = in a detailed way

So this phrase is not about the number one. It is part of a natural Turkish expression used to describe how something is done.

Araştırıyorum comes from the verb araştırmak = to research / to investigate.

It can be broken down like this:

• araştır- = verb stem
• -iyor = present continuous marker
• -um = I

So:

• araştırıyorum = I am researching

Why -iyor here?

The present continuous suffix has several vowel-harmony forms, but after this stem it appears as -iyor. Then the 1st person singular ending is added:

• araştır-ıyor-um → araştırıyorum

In most cases, araştırıyorum means I am researching or I’m researching.

The -iyor form is the Turkish present continuous. It usually describes:

• something happening right now
• something currently in progress
• sometimes a current ongoing activity or habit

So in this sentence, the most natural meaning is:

• I am researching this topic in detail.

If you wanted a more general/habitual meaning like I research, Turkish often uses the aorist, though usage depends on context.

Turkish commonly uses Subject–Object–Verb order, while English usually uses Subject–Verb–Object.

This sentence is:

• Ben = subject
• bu konuyu = object
• ayrıntılı bir şekilde = adverbial phrase
• araştırıyorum = verb

So the verb normally comes at the end.

A very literal order would be:

• I this topic in a detailed way am researching.

That sounds strange in English, but it is normal in Turkish.

Yes, Turkish word order is flexible, but the emphasis changes.

The neutral version is:

• Ben bu konuyu ayrıntılı bir şekilde araştırıyorum.

You might also hear:

• Bu konuyu ayrıntılı bir şekilde araştırıyorum.
• Ayrıntılı bir şekilde bu konuyu araştırıyorum.

These still mean roughly the same thing, but the fronted element gets more focus.

Even with flexible word order, the verb often stays at the end in normal statements.

Technically, ayrıntılı is an adjective meaning detailed.

In this sentence, it modifies şekilde:

• ayrıntılı şekilde = detailed way
• ayrıntılı bir şekilde = in a detailed way

So Turkish often uses an adjective + noun expression where English might prefer a simple adverb:

• carefully → dikkatli bir şekilde
• clearly → açık bir şekilde
• in detail / in a detailed way → ayrıntılı bir şekilde

So ayrıntılı itself is not an adverb, but the whole phrase functions adverbially.

Yes. That is a very natural alternative.

• Bu konuyu ayrıntılı olarak araştırıyorum.

This also means:

• I am researching this topic in detail.

Both are correct:

• ayrıntılı bir şekilde
• ayrıntılı olarak

Often, ayrıntılı olarak sounds a bit more concise, while ayrıntılı bir şekilde can sound slightly more explanatory or descriptive.

A demonstrative like bu does make the noun definite in meaning, but Turkish still marks definite direct objects with the accusative ending.

So:

• bu konu = this topic
• bu konuyu araştırıyorum = I am researching this topic

That accusative marking is exactly what Turkish expects for a specific direct object.

This is a very important pattern:

• kitap = book
• bu kitap = this book
• bu kitabı okuyorum = I am reading this book

Here are the main pronunciation points:

• ı = a vowel that does not exist in English; it is like a relaxed, deeper uh sound made without rounding the lips
• ş = sh
• ğ = usually softens or lengthens the surrounding vowel rather than being pronounced as a strong consonant

Examples from the sentence:

• ayrıntılı → has the Turkish ı
• şekilde → ş sounds like sh
• araştırıyorum → contains ş and ı

A rough English-style guide would be:

• Ben = like ben
• bu konuyu = boo ko-noo-yoo
• ayrıntılı = roughly eye-ruhn-tuh-luh (very approximate)
• bir şekilde = beer sheh-kil-deh
• araştırıyorum = roughly a-rahsh-tuh-ree-yo-room

These are only rough approximations, but they can help at first.

It is natural and correct, but it sounds a bit more careful or polished than very casual speech.

In everyday conversation, people might shorten it a little:

• Bu konuyu detaylıca araştırıyorum.
• Bu konuyu ayrıntılı olarak araştırıyorum.

Your original sentence is still completely natural. It just has a slightly fuller, more formal-feeling structure because of ayrıntılı bir şekilde.