Gönderici paketin takibini internetten yapıyor.

Breakdown of Gönderici paketin takibini internetten yapıyor.

-in
of
paket
the package
gönderici
the sender
internetten
online
takip etmek
to track
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Questions & Answers about Gönderici paketin takibini internetten yapıyor.

Why is there no article before gönderici? How would I explicitly say a sender in Turkish?

Turkish has no the or a/an articles built into its nouns. Context tells you whether something is specific or not. If you want to say a sender explicitly, you add bir (meaning one or a):
Bir gönderici paketin takibini internetten yapıyor.

Why is paketin in this form? What does the suffix -in do?

The suffix -in is the genitive marker, showing possession. In Turkish compound nouns, the possessor takes genitive.
paket (package) + -inpaketin (of the package)

Why does takibini have both -i and -ni suffixes? What does each one do?

takip means tracking.
-i is the 3rd person singular possessive suffix, turning it into its tracking.
-ni is the accusative case marker, marking the word as the direct object.
Together, takibini = do its tracking when it serves as the object of yapmak.

Why is the verb yapıyor used instead of takip ediyor?

Both expressions are common:
takip etmek = to track
paketin takibini yapmak = to do the package’s tracking
Here yapıyor (from yapmak, to do) pairs with the noun takip, a typical construction in shipping or logistics, but it means essentially the same as takip ediyor.

What case does internetten represent, and what does the suffix -ten indicate?

The suffix -ten is the ablative case marker, indicating from, out of, or via.
internet + -teninternetten = via the internet or online

Why does the verb yapıyor appear at the end of the sentence? Is Turkish word order always S–O–V?
Turkish is predominantly subject–object–verb (S–O–V). The finite verb almost always comes last. Other elements (like adverbials or objects) can move around for emphasis, but the verb stays at the end.
Can I say Gönderici internetten paketin takibini yapıyor? Would that change the meaning?

Yes. Moving internetten before the object shifts the emphasis onto how the tracking is done, but the overall meaning stays the same:
Gönderici internetten paketin takibini yapıyor = The sender is tracking the package online.

Could I simplify this to Gönderici paketi internetten takip ediyor?

Absolutely. That version uses takip etmek directly:
paketi = direct object “the package”
takip ediyor = “is tracking”
So Gönderici paketi internetten takip ediyor also means The sender is tracking the package online.