Okul başladığından beri otobüs her gün dolu geliyor.

Since school started, the bus has been full every day.

Breakdown of Okul başladığından beri otobüs her gün dolu geliyor.

• okul: the school
• otobüs: the bus
• gelmek: to come
• her gün: every day
• dolu: full
• başladığından beri: since

Questions & Answers about Okul başladığından beri otobüs her gün dolu geliyor.

What does Okul başladığından beri mean and how is it constructed?

Okul başladığından beri means “since school started.” It’s built in three parts:

• başla- (the root “to start”)
• -dık (a participle/nominalizer, with buffer vowel it becomes başladığ-)
• -dan beri (an ablative-plus-time expression, literally “from … on”)
  Put together: başla- + -dık + -dan + beri → başladığından beri “from the time it started on.”

Why is it Okul başladığından beri instead of Okul başladıktan beri?

Because when you want to say “since (verb) happened,” Turkish uses the nominalizing participle -dık + -dan beri, not -dıktan beri. The form -dıktan sonra (“after it happened”) exists, but with beri you must use -dık:

• doğru: başladığından beri (“since it started”)
• yanlış: başladıktan beri

Could we say Okul başlayalı otobüs her gün dolu geliyor instead?

Yes, that’s also correct and more colloquial. -alı/eli (in this case başlayalı) is another way to express “since.” So:
• Okul başlayalı otobüs her gün dolu geliyor.
Nuance: başlayalı is a bit more conversational, but meaning is the same.

How does dolu work in otobüs her gün dolu geliyor? Is it an adjective or adverb?

Dolu is originally an adjective meaning “full,” but here it modifies the verb gelmek (“to come”) and behaves like an adverbial predicate. In Turkish you often say:
• otobüs dolu geliyor = “the bus comes full.”
It describes the state in which the bus arrives.

Why is the verb geliyor in the present continuous (-yor) rather than the simple present?

Turkish uses the present continuous (-yor) to describe habitual or repeated actions, not just ongoing ones. Here it means “it keeps coming.” If you said gelir, it would be grammatical but somewhat less natural for habitual nuance.

Where can her gün appear in the sentence? Can its position change?

Time adverbials like her gün are flexible. Common options:
1) Sentence-initial: Her gün otobüs dolu geliyor.
2) Between subject and verb: Otobüs her gün dolu geliyor.
3) Immediately before the verb: Otobüs dolu her gün geliyor.
All are correct; choice depends on emphasis and rhythm.

Why isn’t there a subject pronoun in this sentence? How do we know who or what is doing the action?

Turkish drops subject pronouns when the noun is already stated or clear from context. Here the subject is explicitly otobüs, so no separate pronoun (like “it”) is needed. The verb geliyor is third-person singular by default.