Learn Hardcore Turkish: Fabrika dumanı çevre için tehdit oluşturuyor. - Factory smoke poses a threat to the environment.

It literally means factory’s smoke. You have fabrika (“factory”) + duman (“smoke”) + the 3rd person singular possessive suffix -ı, giving dumanı (“its smoke”).

What does the suffix -ı in dumanı indicate?

It’s the 3rd person singular possessive suffix, showing that the smoke belongs to the factory: duman (“smoke”) + -ı = “its smoke.”

What is the difference between Fabrika dumanı and fabrikanın dumanı?

Fabrika dumanı is a fixed compound meaning “factory smoke” in a general sense, using a direct combination with a possessive suffix.
Fabrikanın dumanı explicitly uses the genitive suffix -nın on fabrika, so it reads “the smoke of the factory.”

Why doesn’t Turkish use articles like “the” or “a” in Fabrika dumanı?

Turkish has no articles. Definiteness and indefiniteness are shown by context or by adding bir for “a/an.” Here, Fabrika dumanı is understood in context without any article.

What is the function of için in çevre için?

için is a postposition meaning for. Combined with çevre (“environment”), it gives for the environment.

What case is çevre in when used with için?

It remains in the nominative (unmarked) case. için is a postposition, not a case suffix, so çevre stays in its base form.

Why is tehdit not marked with an accusative suffix or preceded by bir?

In Turkish, an indefinite direct object in a general statement often remains unmarked. tehdit here is generic (“a threat”), so it takes no accusative suffix -i nor does it need the word bir (“a”).

Why is the verb oluşturuyor in the present continuous rather than the simple present?

Turkish commonly uses the present continuous (-yor) to describe ongoing actions, general facts, or habitual situations. So oluşturuyor conveys “is posing” or “keeps posing” a threat, matching English “poses.”

What is the word order in this sentence and how does it reflect Turkish syntax?

The basic Turkish word order is Subject–Object–Verb (SOV). Here:
• Fabrika dumanı = subject
• çevre için = adverbial phrase
• tehdit = object
• oluşturuyor = verb

How else could you express “factory smoke threatens the environment” in Turkish?

You can use the verb tehdit etmek with a direct object in accusative:
Fabrika dumanı çevreyi tehdit ediyor.
Here çevreyi = “the environment” in the accusative case.

What is the root of oluşturuyor, and how is it broken down morphologically?

• Root: oluş (“formation”)
• Causative suffix -tur → oluştur- (“to cause to form”)
• Present continuous suffix -uyor → oluşturuyor (“is causing to form”)
• 3rd person singular zero ending (no extra suffix)