Matkap ucu masada duruyor.

matkap = drill
uç = tip
Possessive suffix -u on uç (uç-u) = its tip
Together matkap ucu literally means “the tip of the drill,” i.e. “drill bit.” In Turkish the possessor comes first (matkap) and the possessed noun (uç) takes a possessive suffix.

The suffix -da is the locative case, equivalent to “in/on/at” in English.
• masa = table
• -da (locative) = at/on
→ masada = “at the table” or “on the table.”

Locative alternates between -da/-de and -ta/-te based on the preceding sound:
• After vowels or voiced consonants → -da/-de
• After voiceless consonants → -ta/-te
masa ends in a vowel, so we use -da.

duruyor is the 3rd person singular present continuous of durmak (“to stand; to be located; to stay”).
• Root: dur-
• Progressive suffix: -uyor (vowel harmony with u)
• No separate person suffix = 3rd person
So duruyor literally “is standing,” but for objects it conveys “is sitting/lying/located.”

• Masada matkap ucu var = “There is a drill bit on the table,” focusing on existence.
• Masada matkap ucu duruyor = “The drill bit is (currently) positioned on the table,” emphasizing its physical state or posture.
• Masada matkap ucu alone is incomplete – Turkish requires a verb or copula-like element.

Basic order: Subject – Adverbial (locative) – Verb (S-Adv-V).
Here: matkap ucu (S) + masada (locative) + duruyor (V).
It’s flexible: Masada matkap ucu duruyor is also correct; word order can shift for emphasis without altering core meaning.

Yes. masanın üstünde = “on top of the table.”
Structure: masa + genitive -nın (“of the table”) + üst (“top”) + locative -de.
• masada is more general “at/on the table” (even “at the table” as in sitting around it).
• masanın üstünde specifically means “on the surface of the table.”