Learn Hardcore Turkish: Bu yasa yürürlüğe girdikten sonra fabrikalarda atık yönetimi zorunlu hale geldi. - After this law came into force, waste management in factories became mandatory.

Yürürlüğe girmek is an idiomatic verb phrase that literally means “to enter into effect.” Here yürürlük means “effect/validity,” -e is the dative case marker, and girmek means “to enter.” Together they form “to enter into effect” or “to come into force.”

How is girdikten sonra formed, and what does it mean?

Girdikten sonra means “after it came into effect.” You form it by taking the verb root gir- (“enter”), adding the past tense suffix -di → girdi, then the participle suffix -k → girdik, the ablative case -ten → girdikten, and finally sonra (“after”). So girdikten sonra = “after [someone/thing] entered.”

Why is yürürlüğe in the dative case instead of locative?

The verb girmek is a “movement” verb in Turkish. Nouns that mark the goal or destination of a movement take the dative case -e/-a. So yürürlüğe girmek literally means “to enter into effect.” If you used locative yürürlükte, it would wrongly suggest “inside validity.”

What role does fabrikalarda play, and why the locative case?

Fabrikalarda is fabrika (“factory”) + plural -lar + locative -da → “in factories.” It tells us the location where waste management became mandatory.

Why is atık yönetimi in the nominative case rather than the accusative?

Here atık yönetimi (“waste management”) is the grammatical subject of the intransitive predicate zorunlu hale geldi (“became mandatory”). In Turkish, subjects of intransitive verbs remain in the nominative (no accusative marker).

What does zorunlu hale gelmek mean, and how is it different from zorunlu olmak?

Zorunlu hale gelmek literally means “to become into a state of obligatory/mandatory.” It emphasizes the change or process. Zorunlu olmak simply means “to be mandatory.” Use -hale gelmek when you want to stress that something has become so.

Is zorunlu hale geldi a passive construction?

No. Although it may look like a passive, hale gelmek is a change‐of‐state construction, not a true passive. There’s no agent marked by -l; it just says “it became mandatory.”

Why isn’t there a subject pronoun in the clause girdikten sonra?

Turkish subordinate clauses typically drop the subject if it’s the same as in the main clause or clear from context. Here the subject of girdikten sonra is implicitly bu yasa, so no pronoun is needed.

How would you express “before this law came into effect” in Turkish?

You’d use the negative participle -meden önce:
Bu yasa yürürlüğe girmeden önce… (“Before this law came into effect…”)