Yemek masada soğudu.

the food

Breakdown of Yemek masada soğudu.

• masa: the table
• -da: on
• soğumak: to cool

Questions & Answers about Yemek masada soğudu.

How is the past tense formed in soğudu?

The verb soğumak (to get cold) is made past-tense by removing -mak to get the stem soğu-, then adding the simple past suffix -du (which harmonizes to -du because of the preceding back vowel), with no extra ending for third person singular.
So:

• Stem: soğu-
• Past suffix: -du
  Result: soğudu (“it got cold” or “it cooled” in the simple past).

What is the suffix -da in masada, and what does it indicate?

-da is the locative case suffix meaning “at/in/on.” Turkish attaches it to nouns to show location. Because masa has a back vowel a, the locative appears as -da. Thus masada literally means “at/on the table.”

Why is yemek not marked with any case ending?

In Turkish, the nominative (subject) case is unmarked, so subjects appear without a suffix. Additionally, only definite direct objects take the accusative suffix -ı/-i, and here yemek is the subject of an intransitive verb (there’s no direct object), so it stays simply yemek.

Who or what is doing the “cooling” in this sentence?

The subject (the food) itself undergoes the action—because is intransitive, it means “to get cold” rather than “to cool something.” So “the food cooled” (the food got cold) on the table.