Yemek masada soğudu.

the food

Breakdown of Yemek masada soğudu.

• masa: the table
• -da: on
• soğumak: to cool

Questions & Answers about Yemek masada soğudu.

How is the past tense formed in soğudu?

The verb soğumak (to get cold) is made past-tense by removing -mak to get the stem soğu-, then adding the simple past suffix -du (which harmonizes to -du because of the preceding back vowel), with no extra ending for third person singular.
So:

• Stem: soğu-
• Past suffix: -du
  Result: soğudu (“it got cold” or “it cooled” in the simple past).

What is the suffix -da in masada, and what does it indicate?

-da is the locative case suffix meaning “at/in/on.” Turkish attaches it to nouns to show location. Because masa has a back vowel a, the locative appears as -da. Thus masada literally means “at/on the table.”

Why is yemek not marked with any case ending?

In Turkish, the nominative (subject) case is unmarked, so subjects appear without a suffix. Additionally, only definite direct objects take the accusative suffix -ı/-i, and here yemek is the subject of an intransitive verb (there’s no direct object), so it stays simply yemek.

Who or what is doing the “cooling” in this sentence?