Paket kapı önünde bekliyor.

The package is waiting in front of the door.

Breakdown of Paket kapı önünde bekliyor.

• beklemek: to wait
• önünde: in front
• kapı: the door
• paket: the package

Questions & Answers about Paket kapı önünde bekliyor.

Why is paket not marked with any suffix? Where is the subject indicated?

paket is the subject in the nominative case, which in Turkish takes zero marking (no ending). Turkish does not have articles like “a” or “the,” so paket can mean either “a package” or “the package” depending on context.

Why is there no -ın on kapı? Shouldn’t it be kapının önünde for “in front of the door”?

The fully marked form is indeed kapının önünde (“in front of the door”). However, in everyday speech and many set expressions, Turkish often drops the genitive -ın on the possessor noun, yielding kapı önünde with the same meaning. Both are grammatically acceptable, though kapının önünde is slightly more formal.

What does önünde consist of? Can you break down its parts?

önünde = ön (front) + -ü (3rd person singular possessive: “its”) + -nde (locative: “at/in/on”).
So önünde literally means “at its front,” with “its” referring back to kapı.

Why is there an n before -de in önünde? I expected önde, not önünde.

When the locative suffix -de attaches to a stem ending in a vowel (here önü ends in ü), Turkish inserts an epenthetic n for easier pronunciation:
önü + de → önünde

Why is bekliyor at the end, and how is it formed?

Turkish is an SOV (subject–object–verb) language, so verbs typically come last.
bekliyor breaks down as:
• bekle- (root: “to wait”)
• -iyor (present continuous tense; vowel i by front-vowel harmony with e)
• zero ending (3rd person singular)
Altogether: “he/she/it is waiting.”

How do we know paket is the subject and not the object? Could the sentence mean “He is waiting for the package in front of the door”?

In Turkish, objects of transitive verbs are marked with the accusative suffix -i (e.g., paketi for “the package” as object). Here paket has no accusative ending, so it is in the nominative case (subject). Also, beklemek can be used intransitively (“to wait somewhere”), not only transitively (“to wait for someone/thing”).

Does paket here mean “a package” or “the package”? How is definiteness expressed?

Turkish has no articles. paket on its own can be either “a package” or “the package,” determined by context. To specify “that package,” you could say o paket; for “my package,” paketim.

Can we change the word order? For example, Kapı önünde paket bekliyor?

Yes. Thanks to case marking, Turkish word order is flexible for emphasis.
• Paket kapı önünde bekliyor – neutral: “The package is waiting in front of the door.”
• Kapı önünde paket bekliyor – emphasis on location: “It’s in front of the door that the package is waiting.”

Why is the continuous suffix -iyor in bekliyor rather than -ıyor, -uyor, or -üyor?

Continuous tense uses -yor, and the vowel before -yor follows vowel harmony with the last vowel of the root:
• bekle has e (a front vowel) ⇒ choose i ⇒ -iyor
If the root ended in a back vowel (a, ı, o, u), you would use -ıyor, -uyor, or -uyor accordingly.