Learn Hardcore Turkish: Borç artıyor.

borç is a noun meaning debt.
artıyor comes from the verb stem art- (“to increase”) plus the present‐continuous suffix -ıyor (vowel chosen by harmony).
There is no additional personal ending because third‐person singular in this tense is zero‐marked.

Which tense, aspect and person does artıyor express?

The suffix -ıyor marks the present continuous (progressive) aspect, indicating something is happening right now or ongoing.
The lack of a further ending shows it’s third‐person singular (“he/she/it/this debt”).

Why is there no subject pronoun like “o” (“he/she/it”)?

Turkish is a pro‐drop language: when the person is clear from the verb ending (here third‐person), you normally omit the pronoun. Saying (O) borç artıyor is correct but redundant.

Why doesn’t borç take an accusative or genitive case suffix here?

borç is the subject of an intransitive verb (artmak), so it stays in the nominative (unsuffixed) form.
Accusative -u/-ü only appears on definite objects, and genitive -ın/-in on possessed nouns.

How would you say “my debt is increasing”?

Attach the first‐person singular possessive suffix -um to borç, then keep the verb:
borcum artıyor

How do you turn Borç artıyor into a question?

Add the yes/no question particle -mu (with vowel harmony) after the verb:
Borç artıyor mu?
Literally “Is debt increasing?”

What’s the difference between artmak and artırmak?

artmak is intransitive (“to increase” by itself).
artırmak is transitive (“to increase something”).
Since debt increases on its own, you use artmak here.

Why is the suffix -ıyor and not -iyor in artıyor?

Turkish vowel harmony dictates that after a back vowel (like the a in art), you use a back vowel in the suffix. Thus -ıyor, not -iyor.

Are there synonyms for borç artıyor?

Yes. You could also say:

Borç yükseliyor (“Debt is rising”)
Borç büyüyor (“Debt is growing”)

How do you pronounce the ç in borç?

The letter ç represents the sound /tʃ/, like ch in “church.” So borç sounds like “bor-ch.”