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Duygular kelimelerle ifade ediliyor.

Duygular kelimelerle ifade ediliyor.
Emotions are expressed with words.
FromLesson 41inHardcore Turkish
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Breakdown of Duygular kelimelerle ifade ediliyor.

ile
with
kelime
the word
duygu
the emotion
ifade edilmek
to be expressed

Questions & Answers about Duygular kelimelerle ifade ediliyor.

What is the function of kelimelerle in this sentence?
kelimelerle is the instrumental form of kelimeler (words). The suffix -le means “with,” so kelimelerle literally translates as “with words” or “by means of words.”
Why is the verb ifade ediliyor in passive voice, and how would you say this in the active voice?

This sentence focuses on the action done to duygular (feelings), not on who does it, so it uses the passive.
• Passive: Duygular kelimelerle ifade ediliyor – “Feelings are being expressed with words.”
• Active (with an agent): İnsanlar duyguları kelimelerle ifade ediyor – “People express feelings with words.”

How is the passive present-continuous formed for etmek, and why is it ediliyor instead of etiliyor?

The verb etmek is irregular in the passive. Instead of attaching a simple -il- to et-, Turkish uses the suppletive root edil- for etmek. Then you add the present-continuous suffix -iyor:
etmek → edilmek (passive) → edil + iyor → ediliyor

Why is duygular in the nominative case rather than the accusative?
In passive constructions, the original object becomes the subject and takes the nominative case. In the active version you’d have duyguları (accusative), but in the passive that object is promoted to subject, so it’s simply duygular (nominative).
Why doesn’t ediliyor change to ediliyorlar even though duygular is plural?
Turkish passive verbs and most third-person forms do not mark number. The form -iyor plus the default third-person ending covers both singular and plural. Thus ediliyor can mean “is being expressed” or “are being expressed.”
Can I use kelimeler ile instead of kelimelerle, and is there any difference?
Yes. ile is the full preposition “with.” You can write kelimeler ile ifade ediliyor or contract it to kelimelerle ifade ediliyor. Meaning and function are identical; the fused form is just more common in everyday usage.
Could you rephrase the instrument with aracılığıyla, for example Duygular kelimeler aracılığıyla ifade ediliyor?

Absolutely. aracılığıyla means “through” or “by means of.” Saying
Duygular kelimeler aracılığıyla ifade ediliyor
is perfectly correct and slightly more formal.

Is ifade olunuyor also a correct passive for ifade etmek?
Although you might occasionally hear ifade olunuyor, the standard passive of etmek is edilmek, not olunmak. So ifade ediliyor is the preferred, idiomatic choice.
What is the morphological breakdown of ifade ediliyor?

• ifade – root (from Arabic, “expression”)
• edil- – passive root of etmek (“to do/make”)
• -iyor – present-continuous tense suffix
Combined: ifade + edil + iyor → ifade ediliyor (“is/are being expressed”)

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