Matematik sınavı kolay.

In Turkish, the verb to be is often not expressed in simple present-tense sentences like this.

So:

• Matematik sınavı kolay. = The math exam is easy.

Turkish commonly leaves out is/are in this kind of sentence. This is completely normal.

You may also see:

• Matematik sınavı kolaydır.

That also means The math exam is easy, but -dır sounds more formal, emphatic, or matter-of-fact.

Here, -ı is not the accusative ending. It is part of a noun compound.

• sınav = exam
• matematik sınavı = math exam

This pattern is very common in Turkish:

• first noun: category/type
• second noun: takes a special compound ending, often called the 3rd person possessive suffix

So matematik sınavı literally works like exam of mathematics, but in natural English we say math exam.

It may look like the accusative because the form is similar, but in this sentence it is not an object and there is no verb that would require accusative case.

Because Turkish often forms noun compounds by putting the describing noun first.

So:

• matematik sınavı = math exam
• İngilizce öğretmeni = English teacher
• yaz tatili = summer holiday

In English, we also put one noun before another in phrases like math exam and school bus, so this part is actually fairly similar.

Because Turkish usually places the predicate at the end.

In this sentence:

• Matematik sınavı = the math exam
• kolay = easy

So the structure is basically:

• [subject] + [predicate]

That is why kolay comes last.

Compare:

• Matematik sınavı kolay. = The math exam is easy.

This is a very natural Turkish sentence order.

Not if you want the same meaning.

• Matematik sınavı kolay. = The math exam is easy.
• Kolay matematik sınavı = easy math exam

The second one is just a noun phrase, not a full sentence. It describes a type of exam. It does not mean The math exam is easy by itself.

So position matters:

• before the noun: adjective directly describes the noun
• at the end of the sentence: predicate adjective, meaning is easy

It can often mean either, depending on context.

Turkish does not have articles like a/an/the in the same way English does. So a phrase like matematik sınavı may be understood from the situation.

In this sentence, English might translate it as:

• The math exam is easy.
• or A math exam is easy.

But in many real contexts, the math exam will feel more natural.

It is related to possession in form, but the meaning is usually broader than actual ownership.

This structure is often called an indefinite noun compound. It is used for things like:

• type
• category
• association

So matematik sınavı does not mean that mathematics literally owns the exam. It means an exam related to mathematics.

Similar examples:

• okul kapısı = school gate
• araba kapısı = car door
• Türk kahvesi = Turkish coffee

The letter ı is a special Turkish vowel. It is not the same as English i.

It is pronounced like a relaxed, deeper vowel made without spreading your lips. There is no exact English equivalent, but it is somewhat similar to the vowel sound in the second syllable of sofa for some speakers, though not identical.

So:

• sı-na-vı

Both ı sounds are this special Turkish vowel.

A useful tip:

• i = like the vowel in machine
• ı = a different, more central/back vowel

Because of vowel harmony.

The last vowel of sınav is a, which is a back vowel. In this type of suffix, Turkish chooses one of several vowel forms to match the word.

That is why the ending becomes -ı here:

• sınav → sınavı

This is a normal Turkish pattern and something learners see constantly.

Yes. That is grammatical.

• Matematik sınavı kolay.
• Matematik sınavı kolaydır.

Both mean The math exam is easy.

The version with -dır can sound:

• more formal
• more written
• more definite or assertive

In everyday conversation, the shorter version kolay is very common.

The sentence follows this pattern:

• noun phrase + adjective

More specifically:

• Matematik sınavı = subject
• kolay = predicate adjective

So the full sentence means:

• The math exam is easy.

This is one of the most basic and common Turkish sentence patterns, and it is very useful for making simple statements:

• Hava güzel. = The weather is nice.
• Film uzun. = The movie is long.
• Sorular zor. = The questions are difficult.