Köy büyük bir tehlikeyle karşı karşıya kaldı.

It is a set expression. Karşı karşıya kalmak means to be faced with, to confront, or to find oneself up against something.

So in this sentence:

• karşı karşıya kalmak = to be faced with
• kaldı = the past tense form, so was faced with / found itself facing

Even though kalmak by itself often means to stay or to remain, in this expression it does not mean that literally.

This is a fixed Turkish expression.

• karşı = opposite, against, facing
• karşı karşıya literally suggests face to face or opposite one another

In many contexts, karşı karşıya means:

• face to face
• in confrontation
• facing

So bir tehlikeyle karşı karşıya kalmak means to be faced with a danger.

You should learn karşı karşıya kalmak as one chunk rather than trying to translate each part separately every time.

Because the noun takes the suffix -le / -la, which means with.

• tehlike = danger
• tehlikeyle = with danger

Since tehlike ends in a vowel, Turkish adds a buffer y before the suffix:

• tehlike + ile
• shortened in normal speech/writing to tehlikeyle

So:

• büyük bir tehlikeyle karşı karşıya kalmak = to be faced with a great danger

This -le/-la suffix is very common in Turkish.

Turkish often inserts a buffer consonant when a suffix beginning with a vowel attaches to a word ending in a vowel.

Here:

• tehlike ends in -e
• ile begins with i

To avoid two vowels meeting directly, Turkish inserts y:

• tehlike + ile → tehlikeyle / tehlikeyle

In modern standard Turkish, -yle/-yla is the usual fused form of ile after vowels.

So tehlikeyle is completely normal.

Because bir here works like a/an.

• büyük bir tehlike = a big/great danger

In Turkish, bir is often used when introducing a singular countable noun in this kind of way. It is very natural here.

You can sometimes omit bir in Turkish, but with a phrase like this, büyük bir tehlike sounds more natural and complete.

Compare:

• büyük bir tehlike = a great danger
• büyük tehlike = big danger / great danger, but less natural in this sentence

Because Turkish word order is flexible, and the beginning often introduces the topic.

• Köy = the village
• placing it first makes the village the topic of the sentence

A neutral Turkish sentence often puts the verb at the end, which is exactly what happens here:

• Köy büyük bir tehlikeyle karşı karşıya kaldı.

That is a very natural order in Turkish.

Turkish does not have articles like the and a/an in the same way English does.

• bir can mean a/an
• but there is no separate word for the

So köy can mean:

• village
• the village

The exact meaning depends on context. In this sentence, English would usually translate it as the village.

Kaldı is in the simple past tense.

It comes from:

• kalmak = to stay, remain; also used in certain expressions
• kaldı = stayed / remained / was

In this sentence, because it is part of karşı karşıya kalmak, it means:

• was faced with
• found itself facing

So the tense is straightforward past: something happened and is presented as a completed event.

Turkish often expresses ideas through verb phrases and set expressions rather than a single direct verb equivalent to English.

Here, Turkish prefers:

• karşı karşıya kalmak = to end up facing, to be confronted with

So instead of using one verb meaning exactly to face, Turkish uses this idiomatic structure.

This is very common in Turkish:

• a noun or phrase + a general verb like olmak, etmek, kalmak, vermek, etc.

So this sentence sounds natural because it uses the standard Turkish expression.

Yes. In principle, ile and -yle/-yla express the same idea.

So these are equivalent in meaning:

• büyük bir tehlike ile karşı karşıya kaldı
• büyük bir tehlikeyle karşı karşıya kaldı

But the suffixed form -yle/-yla is usually more natural and more common in everyday Turkish.

So the original sentence sounds smoother and more idiomatic.

Yes, Turkish allows a fair amount of word order variation, although some versions sound more natural than others.

For example:

• Köy büyük bir tehlikeyle karşı karşıya kaldı.
  Neutral and natural.

You might also see:

• Büyük bir tehlikeyle köy karşı karşıya kaldı.
  This gives more emphasis to büyük bir tehlikeyle.

But the original version is the most straightforward and natural for general use.

The main thing is that the verb kaldı usually stays near the end in a standard sentence.

No. It can be used with many kinds of things, not just danger.

For example, someone can be faced with:

• bir sorunla = a problem
• zor bir seçimle = a difficult choice
• gerçeklerle = facts/reality
• eleştirilerle = criticism

So the pattern is very productive:

• X ile / -le karşı karşıya kalmak = to be faced with X

In this sentence, X is büyük bir tehlike.

A very literal breakdown would be:

• Köy = village / the village
• büyük bir tehlikeyle = with a great danger
• karşı karşıya = face to face / facing
• kaldı = remained / ended up / was

So, literally, something like:

• The village remained face to face with a great danger

But natural English would be:

• The village was faced with a great danger
• The village found itself facing a great danger

That difference between literal structure and natural meaning is very common when learning Turkish idioms.