Kral eski binada yaşıyor.

A simple breakdown is:

• kral = king
• eski = old
• bina-da = in the building / in a building
  • bina = building
  • -da = in / at / on (location)
• yaşıyor = is living / lives

So the structure is basically:

• Subject: Kral
• Place: eski binada
• Verb: yaşıyor

Turkish often puts the verb at the end, so this word order is very normal.

Because Turkish usually adds grammatical endings directly to nouns as suffixes.

Here:

• bina = building
• -da = a locative suffix, meaning in / at / on

So:

• bina → binada = in the building / in a building

Unlike English, Turkish does not use a separate word like in here. It attaches that meaning to the noun itself.

-da is the locative case suffix. It shows location.

It often corresponds to English:

• in
• at
• sometimes on

Examples:

• evde = at home / in the house
• okulda = at school
• masada = on the table

So eski binada means in the old building.

This suffix changes form because of two things:

1. Vowel harmony
2. Consonant harmony

The locative suffix has four common forms:

• -da
• -de
• -ta
• -te

In bina-da:

• the last vowel of bina is a, so vowel harmony gives -da / -ta
• the noun ends in a vowel, so the voiced version -da is used

So:

• bina + da → binada

A few comparisons:

• ev → evde
• okul → okulda
• park → parkta
• şehir → şehirde

Because in Turkish, adjectives normally come before the nouns they describe, just like in English.

So:

• eski bina = old building
• büyük ev = big house
• güzel şehir = beautiful city

Also, Turkish adjectives do not change form for singular/plural or gender.
So eski always stays eski.

It describes bina.

In Turkish, an adjective usually describes the word that comes right after it. So:

• eski bina = old building

If you wanted to say the old king, you would say:

• eski kral

So in Kral eski binada yaşıyor, the king is living, and the building is old.

Yaşıyor comes from the verb yaşamak, meaning to live.

Here is the rough breakdown:

• yaşa- = verb stem
• -ıyor = present continuous / current ongoing action
• implied he/she/it subject ending = zero ending in 3rd person singular

So:

• yaşıyor = he/she is living or sometimes simply he/she lives

In this sentence, because the subject kral is already stated, yaşıyor means the king is living / lives.

It can often correspond to either one in English, depending on context.

Turkish -yor is the present continuous form, but in many everyday sentences it can also express a present state or regular situation.

So Kral eski binada yaşıyor could be understood as:

• The king is living in the old building
• The king lives in the old building

English chooses between those forms more sharply than Turkish sometimes does.

Turkish does not use articles the same way English does.

There is no direct equivalent of the in ordinary Turkish noun phrases.
And a/an is often not expressed unless needed.

So:

• kral can mean the king or a king, depending on context
• eski bina can mean the old building or an old building, depending on context

If Turkish wants to emphasize one / a certain one, it can use bir:

• bir kral = a king
• bir eski bina = an old building

But in your sentence, article meaning is left to context.

Because Turkish verbs often already show enough information, and subjects are frequently omitted if clear from context.

In this sentence, the subject is explicitly given as kral, so there is no need for o (he/she/it).

Turkish would normally not say:

• Kral o eski binada yaşıyor

unless there were a special reason for emphasis or contrast.

So the sentence sounds natural without a pronoun.

Yes, if the subject is already understood from context.

Turkish often drops subjects when they are obvious. So:

• Eski binada yaşıyor. = He/She is living in the old building.

If everyone already knows you are talking about the king, then kral can be left out.

But if you are introducing the subject or making it clear who lives there, keeping kral is helpful.

No, Turkish word order is flexible, although some orders are more neutral than others.

The most neutral order here is:

• Kral eski binada yaşıyor.

But other orders are possible for emphasis:

• Eski binada kral yaşıyor.
  = emphasis on in the old building
• Yaşıyor kral eski binada.
  = possible in very marked or poetic speech, but not the normal learner pattern

In everyday Turkish, it is safest to learn:

• Subject + other information + verb

with the verb usually at the end.

Kral here is singular: king.

The plural would be:

• krallar = kings

So:

• Kral eski binada yaşıyor. = The king lives in the old building.
• Krallar eski binada yaşıyor. = The kings are living/live in the old building.

Notice that with plural human subjects, Turkish sometimes still uses a singular-looking verb in everyday speech, especially in informal usage. You may also hear:

• Krallar eski binada yaşıyorlar.

Both can occur, though learners are often first taught the fuller agreement form.

A rough pronunciation guide:

• ya-şı-yor

The important part for English speakers is ı:

• ı is not the same as English i
• it is a vowel pronounced farther back in the mouth
• it sounds somewhat like the vowel in the second syllable of sofa for some speakers, but not exactly

Also:

• ş = sh

So yaşıyor sounds roughly like yah-shuh-yor, but that is only an approximation.

Yes. Depending on context, yaşamak can mean:

• to live in a place
• to be alive
• to experience something

Examples:

• Ankara’da yaşıyor. = He/She lives in Ankara.
• Hâlâ yaşıyor. = He/She is still alive.
• Büyük zorluklar yaşadı. = He/She experienced great difficulties.

In your sentence, with binada, the meaning is clearly the location sense: to live in a place.