Vay, ne güzel bir manzara!

Yes, ne often means what, but in exclamations it can work like how or what a in English.

So:

• Ne güzel! = How beautiful!
• Ne güzel bir manzara! = What a beautiful view!

This is a very common Turkish pattern for admiration or emphasis.

Ne güzel is more emotional and exclamatory.

• Çok güzel = very beautiful
• Ne güzel! = how beautiful! / wow, so beautiful!

If you say Çok güzel bir manzara, you are simply describing it as very beautiful.
If you say Ne güzel bir manzara!, you are reacting to it with feeling.

Here bir functions like a/an in English:

• bir manzara = a view / a منظر? Actually just a view

So:

• güzel bir manzara = a beautiful view
• ne güzel bir manzara! = what a beautiful view!

In Turkish, bir is often used when English would use a/an, especially in phrases like this.

It might be understood, but ne güzel bir manzara! is the more natural and standard form.

Leaving out bir can sometimes sound less complete or less idiomatic in this kind of exclamation. For a learner, it is safest to use bir here.

In Turkish, adjectives normally come before the noun, just like in English.

• güzel manzara = beautiful view
• güzel bir manzara = a beautiful view

So the natural order is:

adjective + bir + noun

That is why you get güzel bir manzara.

That is the normal Turkish noun phrase order. The describing words come before the noun:

• ne
  • güzel
    • bir
      • manzara

Turkish often places the main noun at the end of the phrase. English does something similar in this case too: what a beautiful view.

Manzara usually means view, scenery, or landscape, especially something seen with the eyes.

Examples:

• güzel bir manzara = a beautiful view
• deniz manzarası = sea view
• dağ manzarası = mountain view

So in this sentence, it refers to the scenery the speaker is looking at.

Not naturally in English. The best translations are:

• Wow, what a beautiful view!
• Wow, what beautiful scenery!
• How beautiful the view is!

In English, scenery is usually uncountable, so a scenery sounds unnatural. That is why a beautiful view is usually the best match.

No. Vay can express different emotions depending on tone and context:

• surprise
• admiration
• shock
• concern
• annoyance

In Vay, ne güzel bir manzara!, it is clearly positive and admiring.

Ne güzel bir manzara! is still completely natural. It simply sounds a little less dramatic.

Compare:

• Ne güzel bir manzara! = What a beautiful view!
• Vay, ne güzel bir manzara! = Wow, what a beautiful view!

So vay adds extra emotion, but it is not grammatically necessary.

Güzel is pronounced approximately like GYU-zel, but with Turkish sounds:

• gü has the Turkish ü, which is like the u in French tu or German über
• zel sounds roughly like zel

A rough English approximation is gyoo-ZEL, but that is not perfect because English does not have the exact ü sound.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

Vay, ne gü-zel bir man-za-ra!

More approximately: vai, neh GYU-zel beer MAN-za-ra

Notes:

• vay rhymes roughly with my
• ne is like neh
• bir is often pronounced close to beer
• stress in manzara is commonly heard on MAN

Turkish often leaves out the verb to be in present-tense expressions, especially in short exclamations or simple statements.

So instead of saying something like This is a beautiful view, Turkish can simply say:

• Güzel bir manzara = It is a beautiful view / a beautiful view
• Ne güzel bir manzara! = What a beautiful view!

This is very normal in Turkish.

Yes, that is possible. Bu means this, so it becomes more like:

What a beautiful view this is!
or
This is such a beautiful view!

Without bu, the sentence is already natural and complete as an exclamation.

Yes, very many. This is a productive pattern.

Examples:

• Ne güzel! = How beautiful!
• Ne hoş! = How nice!
• Ne ilginç! = How interesting!
• Ne kadar güzel! = How beautiful! / So beautiful!

So once you learn ne + adjective, you can use it in many exclamations.