Sistre ve törpü tezgâhta duruyor.

It has three main parts:

• Sistre ve törpü = the subject, the scraper and the file
• tezgâhta = the location, on/at the workbench
• duruyor = the verb, literally is standing / is staying, but here more naturally is/are there

So the basic Turkish order is:

• subject + location + verb

A very literal gloss would be:

• scraper and file workbench-on standing

Natural English would be:

• The scraper and the file are on the workbench.

Because Turkish adds a locative suffix to show location.

• tezgâh = workbench / counter / bench
• tezgâhta = on/at/in the workbench/workbench area, depending context

The locative suffix has several forms:

• -da
• -de
• -ta
• -te

Here it becomes -ta because:

1. the last vowel in tezgâh is a, so the vowel in the suffix is a
2. the word ends in h, which is voiceless, so d changes to t

So:

• tezgâh + ta → tezgâhta

Turkish -da/-de/-ta/-te is a general location ending. English splits this idea into several prepositions, such as:

• in
• on
• at

So the exact English preposition depends on what sounds natural in English.

With tezgâh, English usually says:

• on the workbench
• sometimes at the bench/counter, depending on context

So tezgâhta does not always mean only in or only on. It simply marks location.

It comes from the verb durmak.

In many situations, durmak can mean:

• to stand
• to stay
• to remain
• to be sitting/standing there for objects

So in this sentence, duruyor does not necessarily mean the tools are upright like people standing. For objects, it often means something like:

• is there
• is sitting there
• is resting there
• is located there

So Sistre ve törpü tezgâhta duruyor is very natural for The scraper and the file are on the workbench.

-yor is the Turkish present continuous marker.

So:

• durmak = to stand / stay
• duruyor = is standing / is staying / is there

In this sentence, it gives a sense of a current state:

• they are currently there on the workbench

It often corresponds to English is/are ...-ing, but in Turkish it is also commonly used for present situations that English might translate more simply with is/are.

That is normal in Turkish.

Even when the subject is plural in meaning, Turkish often keeps the verb in third person singular, especially when:

• the subject is non-human
• the plurality is already obvious
• the sentence is just stating a fact

So:

• Sistre ve törpü tezgâhta duruyor is natural

A form like duruyorlar is much less natural here. Plural verb marking is more common when talking about people, or when the speaker wants extra emphasis on plurality.

Yes.

You can say:

• Sistre ve törpü tezgâhta.

That is also a normal Turkish sentence, and it means:

• The scraper and the file are on the workbench.

Adding duruyor makes the sentence a little more concrete or vivid. It suggests that the tools are physically there, resting or sitting on the bench.

So the version with duruyor is not required, but it is very natural.

Yes, but the meaning shifts slightly.

• Tezgâhta sistre ve törpü var. = There is a scraper and a file on the workbench.
• Sistre ve törpü tezgâhta duruyor. = The scraper and the file are on the workbench / are sitting there on the workbench.

The difference is:

• var focuses on existence/presence
• duruyor focuses more on position or physical presence

Both can work, but they are not exactly the same in tone.

Turkish normally puts the verb at the end of the sentence.

So this is the neutral order:

• Sistre ve törpü tezgâhta duruyor.

But Turkish word order is flexible, and you can move things for emphasis. For example:

• Tezgâhta sistre ve törpü duruyor.

This is also grammatical, but it puts more attention on tezgâhta.

So:

• verb-final is the default
• other orders are possible for focus or style

Because Turkish does not have direct equivalents of English articles in the same way.

So bare nouns like:

• sistre
• törpü

can mean:

• a scraper / the scraper
• a file / the file

depending on context.

The listener understands whether the meaning is definite or indefinite from the situation, the surrounding sentences, and sometimes word order.

Because the sentence is talking about:

• one scraper
• one file

There are two objects total, but each noun is singular.

That is exactly like English:

• the scraper and the file

not

• the scrapers and the files

If you wanted to say there were several of each, you would use plural forms:

• sistreler ve törpüler

So the lack of plural marking here is completely normal.