Inkomsten kommer före förfallodagen.

Because inkomsten is the definite singular form of inkomst, which means income.

In Swedish, the idea of the is often added as an ending instead of being a separate word:

• inkomst = income
• inkomsten = the income

So -en here works like the in English.

Here, kommer före means comes before or occurs before.

Even though kommer literally means comes, Swedish often uses komma in a broader way, not just for physical movement. In this sentence, it describes order in time:

• Inkomsten kommer före förfallodagen = the income arrives / occurs before the due date

So it is about timing, not about someone physically coming somewhere.

Före means before.

In this sentence, it is a preposition because it is followed by a noun phrase:

• före förfallodagen = before the due date

So the structure is:

• Inkomsten = the income
• kommer = comes
• före förfallodagen = before the due date

Sometimes yes, but före is the most straightforward choice here.

A useful rule is:

• före is very common before nouns
• innan is very common before clauses

Examples:

• före förfallodagen = before the due date
• innan förfallodagen infaller = before the due date occurs

In everyday Swedish, innan can also appear before a noun phrase, but in a formal or administrative sentence like this, före sounds very natural.

Förfallodagen means the due date.

It comes from the compound noun förfallodag:

• förfallo = due payment / falling due
• dag = day

Then Swedish adds the definite ending:

• förfallodag = due date
• förfallodagen = the due date

A very important thing about Swedish compounds is that the last part is the main noun. Here the last part is dag, so the whole word behaves grammatically like a dag-type noun.

Because the sentence is probably talking about a specific income and a specific due date that are already known from the context.

This is very common in Swedish, especially in formal, financial, or administrative language.

Compare:

• inkomst = income in general

• inkomsten = the income, a particular income

• förfallodag = due date in general
• förfallodagen = the due date, a particular due date

So the sentence sounds like it refers to a known payment/income and a known deadline.

Yes. This is a completely normal main clause.

The order is:

• Inkomsten = subject
• kommer = verb
• före förfallodagen = adverbial phrase of time

So it follows standard Swedish main-clause word order, where the finite verb comes in the second position.

Because the subject comes first, the sentence looks very similar to English here.

You could also move the time phrase to the front, but then Swedish would require inversion:

• Före förfallodagen kommer inkomsten

That is also grammatical, but the original version is more neutral.

Usually inkomst means income in a broad sense.

It can refer to:

• salary or wages
• business income
• revenue
• taxable income
• money received in general

So it is broader than just salary.

If Swedish specifically wants to say salary, it often uses lön instead.

That means:

• lön = salary / wages
• inkomst = income more generally

A rough guide:

• inkomsten ≈ INN-kom-sten
• förfallodagen ≈ fur-FALL-o-dah-gen

A few details:

• ö in för does not sound like English o. It is closer to the vowel in some pronunciations of bird, but without a strong English r.
• fallo has stress on fall
• dagen has a long a sound

You do not need perfect pronunciation right away, but it helps to notice that Swedish compounds usually have a clear main stress somewhere in the earlier part of the word.

It sounds somewhat formal or administrative, mainly because of förfallodagen.

Words connected to billing, payments, taxes, and official documents often sound more formal than ordinary everyday conversation.

For example, in a bill or financial text, this kind of sentence is very natural. In casual conversation, people might choose simpler wording depending on the situation.