Förfallodagen står på räkningen.

Förfallodagen is a compound noun.

• förfallodag = due date
• -en = the (the definite ending)

So:

• förfallodag = a due date
• förfallodagen = the due date

A helpful way to think of it is that Swedish often builds long nouns by joining smaller parts together. You do not always need to translate each part separately in a natural English way; the whole word is what matters.

In Swedish, the definite article is often attached to the end of the noun.

Compare:

• en räkning = a bill
• räkningen = the bill

And similarly:

• en förfallodag = a due date
• förfallodagen = the due date

So instead of saying a separate word like English the due date, Swedish usually makes the noun definite by adding an ending.

This is a very common Swedish usage.

stå normally means to stand, but it is also used for text or information that appears somewhere in writing. In this sentence, står is best understood as something like:

• is written
• appears
• is listed
• it says

So Förfallodagen står på räkningen is idiomatic Swedish for saying that the due date is written on the bill.

Very common patterns are:

• Det står på dörren. = It says on the door.
• Det står i brevet. = It says in the letter.
• Adressen står på paketet. = The address is on the package.

You could say Förfallodagen är på räkningen, and people would probably understand you, but it sounds less natural.

Why?

• är på räkningen focuses more on location in a general sense: the due date is on the bill.
• står på räkningen is the normal idiomatic way to talk about written information appearing on a document.

So if you mean the due date is written on the bill, står is the better choice.

På means on, and it is the natural preposition when talking about information written on a document, page, sign, label, or bill.

So:

• på räkningen = on the bill

Swedish often uses på where English also uses on for written surfaces or documents.

Examples:

• Det står på lappen. = It says on the note.
• Priset står på menyn. = The price is on the menu.

Using i would suggest in the bill, which is usually less natural here. For text appearing as part of a written document, på is the normal choice.

Räkning often means:

• bill
• invoice
• sometimes tab/check in a restaurant context

In everyday Swedish, räkning is a common word for a bill you have to pay.

A related word is faktura, which also means invoice and can sound a bit more formal or business-like.

So in many contexts:

• räkning = everyday bill/invoice
• faktura = often a more formal invoice

Both are useful words, but räkning is very common in ordinary speech.

Swedish is a V2 language, which means the finite verb normally comes in the second position in a main clause.

In Förfallodagen står på räkningen:

1. Förfallodagen
2. står
3. på räkningen

That is the normal pattern.

You can also move another part to the front, but then the verb still stays second:

• På räkningen står förfallodagen.

That is grammatical, but it sounds more marked or stylistic. The original version is the more neutral one.

Because the subject is singular:

• förfallodagen = the due date

In the present tense, Swedish verbs do not change very much the way English verbs do. står is used regardless of whether the subject is I, you, we, or the due date.

Examples:

• Jag står
• Du står
• Förfallodagen står

So the reason it looks the same is that Swedish verbs do not have many different present-tense forms.

Not in this exact sentence.

The sentence explicitly names the thing being talked about:

• Förfallodagen står på räkningen. = The due date is written on the bill.

But Swedish very often uses det står when English would say it says:

• Det står på räkningen att ... = It says on the bill that ...

So both patterns exist:

• Förfallodagen står på räkningen.
• Det står på räkningen att förfallodagen är ...

The first names the specific piece of information directly. The second uses the more general it says structure.

The main stress falls early in the word, on för in normal pronunciation:

FÖR-fallo-dagen

A rough guide for an English speaker:

• för: something like fur but with a Swedish vowel
• fallo: roughly fal-lo
• dagen: roughly da-gen

You do not need perfect pronunciation right away, but it helps to hear it as one long compound noun rather than several separate words.

You can understand it word-for-word, but the best English translation is usually more natural than literal.

Word-for-word:

• Förfallodagen = the due date
• står = stands
• på räkningen = on the bill

Literal result:

• The due date stands on the bill.

That is understandable, but not natural English. A better English rendering is:

• The due date is on the bill.
• The due date is written on the bill.
• The bill shows the due date.

This is a good example of where Swedish uses stå more broadly than English uses stand.