Saldot minskar efter överföringen.

Because saldot is the definite singular form of saldo.

• ett saldo = a balance
• saldot = the balance

The noun saldo is a neuter noun in Swedish, so the definite ending is -t.

Because överföringen is the definite singular form of överföring.

• en överföring = a transfer
• överföringen = the transfer

This noun is a common gender noun, so the definite ending is -en.

Swedish often uses the definite form when talking about a specific thing already understood from the context.

So here:

• saldot = the balance
• överföringen = the transfer

This sounds natural if both the balance and the transfer are known or have just been mentioned.

Minskar is the present tense of the verb minska, which means to decrease or to get smaller.

Examples:

• Saldot minskar. = The balance is decreasing / decreases.
• Priserna minskar. = The prices are decreasing.

In Swedish, the present tense form is the same for all persons:

• jag minskar
• du minskar
• han/hon minskar

There is no change like English I decrease / she decreases.

Because Swedish does not need an extra helper verb here.

English might say:

• The balance decreases
• The balance is decreasing

Swedish can simply use the present tense verb:

• Saldot minskar

That one form can often cover both the simple present and the present progressive, depending on context.

In this sentence, it means decreases.

Here, saldot is the thing that changes by itself grammatically, so minska is being used intransitively:

• Saldot minskar = The balance decreases

Swedish minska can also sometimes be used transitively, meaning reduce, but in this sentence the natural English meaning is clearly decreases.

Efter is a preposition meaning after.

So:

• efter överföringen = after the transfer

It tells you when the balance decreases.

This is the normal Swedish word order for a main clause:

subject + verb + other information

So:

• Saldot = subject
• minskar = verb
• efter överföringen = time phrase

This is very similar to normal English order: The balance decreases after the transfer.

Yes, absolutely.

That version means the same thing, but it starts with the time phrase:

• Efter överföringen minskar saldot.

This is a good example of Swedish V2 word order: in a main clause, the finite verb usually comes in the second position.

So when Efter överföringen comes first, the verb minskar must come before the subject saldot.

Because Swedish usually puts the definite article at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word before it.

Compare:

• ett saldo = a balance

• saldot = the balance

• en överföring = a transfer
• överföringen = the transfer

So the idea of the is built into the noun itself.

Yes, especially in financial contexts.

Saldo is commonly used for things like:

• account balance
• remaining balance
• card balance

It is more specifically financial than a general word like balans, which usually means balance in the sense of physical balance, stability, or general balance between things.

So in a banking or payment context, saldo is the right choice.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

SAHL-doht MIN-skar EF-ter eu-ver-FEU-ring-en

A few points:

• saldot: the a is short, and the o is also short because of the following consonant cluster
• minskar: stress on the first syllable: MIN-skar
• efter: stress on EF
• överföringen: the main stress is on fö, and Swedish ö does not sound like normal English o

If you want to sound natural, it helps to keep the rhythm fairly even: SALdot MINSkar EFter överFÖRingen.