Budgeten visar inkomsten och utgifterna.

Because Swedish usually adds the definite article to the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like the.

• budget = budget
• budgeten = the budget

So Budgeten visar ... means The budget shows ...

Budget is an en-word in Swedish, so its definite singular form is made with -en.

In Swedish, the definite article is usually attached as an ending to the noun.

So:

• inkomst = income
• inkomsten = the income
• utgift = expense
• utgifterna = the expenses

This is one of the biggest differences from English. Instead of saying the budget, Swedish says budgeten.

Visar is the present tense of visa, which means to show.

So:

• visa = to show
• visar = shows / is showing

In this sentence, Budgeten visar inkomsten och utgifterna means The budget shows the income and the expenses.

A useful thing to know: Swedish present tense does not change depending on the subject.

• Jag visar = I show
• Du visar = you show
• Budgeten visar = the budget shows

The verb stays visar.

Because the sentence is treating income as one total amount, but expenses as several separate items.

• inkomsten = the income / the total income
• utgifterna = the expenses

This is very natural. In both Swedish and English, income is often treated as a single overall concept, while expenses are often thought of as multiple things.

If you wanted to talk about several sources of income, you could use the plural:

• inkomsterna = the incomes / the income sources

But in a budgeting context, singular inkomsten is very common.

It comes from the noun utgift, which means expense.

Here are the forms:

• utgift = an expense
• utgifter = expenses
• utgifterna = the expenses

So the structure is:

• base noun: utgift
• plural ending: -er → utgifter
• definite plural ending: -na → utgifterna

This is a very useful pattern to recognize in Swedish.

The dictionary forms are:

• budget
• inkomst
• utgift

The sentence uses definite forms:

• budgeten = the budget
• inkomsten = the income
• utgifterna = the expenses

So when you look words up in a dictionary, you would usually search for the base forms without the definite endings.

No, this is the normal Swedish word order for a simple statement:

Subject + verb + object

• Budgeten = subject
• visar = verb
• inkomsten och utgifterna = object

So the structure is very similar to English:

• The budget
  • shows
    • the income and the expenses

Because both nouns are definite here.

The sentence refers to specific things shown in the budget:

• the income
• the expenses

So Swedish marks both nouns as definite:

• inkomsten
• utgifterna

If the meaning were more general or indefinite, you might see different forms, such as:

• en inkomst = an income
• utgifter = expenses (indefinite plural)

But in this sentence, the definite forms fit best.

A rough English-friendly guide would be:

• Budgeten ≈ boo-GET-en
• visar ≈ VEE-sar
• inkomsten ≈ ING-kom-sten
• och is often pronounced roughly like å in everyday speech
• utgifterna ≈ OOT-yif-ter-na

A few pronunciation notes:

• g in budget sounds like English y here, because this is a loanword pronounced roughly bud-yet
• v in Swedish sounds like English v
• och is very often reduced in speech
• Swedish has pitch accent and vowel length, so exact pronunciation is best learned by listening as well as reading

Yes. Swedish present tense often covers both simple present and present progressive, depending on context.

So visar can mean:

• shows
• is showing

In this sentence, English would most naturally translate it as shows, but the Swedish form itself does not make that distinction the way English does.

With adjectives, Swedish often uses double definiteness: a separate definite word and a definite ending on the noun.

For example:

• den tydliga budgeten = the clear budget

Here you get:

• den = definite article used with the adjective
• tydliga = clear
• budgeten = the budget

So Swedish does not just say tydliga budgeten in standard usage. It normally uses both parts.

That is different from your original sentence, which has no adjectives, so the ending alone is enough.

Yes, you could, but it means something slightly different.

• inkomsten = the income as one total amount
• inkomsterna = the incomes or the income sources

So:

• Budgeten visar inkomsten och utgifterna = the budget shows the total income and the expenses
• Budgeten visar inkomsterna och utgifterna = the budget shows the different incomes and the expenses

Both are possible, but the original sentence sounds more natural if you mean overall income as a single figure.