Kravet är större än avdraget.

A natural breakdown is:

• kravet = the requirement / the claim
• är = is
• större = bigger / greater / larger
• än = than
• avdraget = the deduction

So the structure is:

the requirement is greater than the deduction

It is a very normal Swedish comparison sentence: [noun] + är + [comparative adjective] + än + [noun]

The ending -et is the definite singular ending for many neuter nouns in Swedish.

So:

• ett krav = a requirement
• kravet = the requirement

and

• ett avdrag = a deduction
• avdraget = the deduction

In Swedish, the definite article is usually attached to the end of the noun rather than written as a separate word like English the.

Compare:

• a car = en bil
• the car = bilen
• a house = ett hus
• the house = huset

Here, both nouns are neuter, so the definite form ends in -et.

You mainly have to learn the gender of each noun as part of the vocabulary:

• ett krav
• ett avdrag

Swedish nouns are divided into two genders in modern standard Swedish:

• en-words
• ett-words

Because these are ett nouns, their definite singular forms are:

• kravet
• avdraget

Unfortunately, there is not always a perfect rule that lets you guess the gender. The safest habit is to memorize new nouns together with their article:

• not just krav, but ett krav
• not just avdrag, but ett avdrag

Because the sentence is making a comparison: greater than something.

The adjective stor means big / large.
Its comparative form is större, meaning bigger / greater / larger.

The forms are:

• stor = big
• större = bigger
• störst = biggest

So:

• Kravet är stort. = The requirement is big/great.
• Kravet är större än avdraget. = The requirement is greater than the deduction.

This is like English big → bigger, except Swedish uses the irregular comparative större.

Because stor is irregular in the comparative.

Many Swedish adjectives do form the comparative with -are, for example:

• snabb → snabbare
  (fast → faster)

But stor does not follow that regular pattern. Instead:

• stor → större
• liten → mindre
• gammal → äldre

So större is simply the correct comparative form that must be learned.

Än means than in comparisons.

So:

• större än = bigger than / greater than
• mindre än = smaller than / less than
• bättre än = better than

Examples:

• Hon är längre än jag. = She is taller than I am / than me.
• Det här är bättre än det där. = This is better than that.

In your sentence, än connects the two things being compared:

• kravet = thing 1
• avdraget = thing 2

Because the sentence is talking about specific things: the requirement and the deduction, not just any requirement or any deduction.

Swedish often uses the definite form in the same situations where English uses the:

• Kravet är större än avdraget.
• The requirement is greater than the deduction.

If you wanted an indefinite meaning, you would normally use the indefinite forms:

• Ett krav är större än ett avdrag.

But that sounds more general and less natural in many contexts unless you are making a very abstract statement.

So the definite forms suggest that both items are known from the context.

No, the comparative form större does not change for gender or number in this kind of use.

Compare:

• Ett krav är större.
• En kostnad är större.
• Kraven är större.
• Kostnaderna är större.

In all of these, större stays the same.

This is useful for learners, because once you know the comparative form, you can usually use it without worrying about agreement.

Yes. This is very standard Swedish sentence order:

Subject + verb + complement

So:

• Kravet = subject
• är = verb
• större än avdraget = complement

This is one of the most basic and common Swedish patterns.

Swedish is a V2 language, which means the finite verb is usually in the second position in main clauses. In this sentence, the subject comes first, so the verb naturally comes second:

• Kravet är större än avdraget.

That is exactly what you would expect.

Yes. That would mean:

The deduction is smaller than the requirement.

It expresses the same basic comparison from the opposite point of view.

Compare:

• Kravet är större än avdraget.
• Avdraget är mindre än kravet.

Both are grammatically correct. The choice depends on which thing you want to focus on first.

Yes. Krav often means requirement, demand, or sometimes claim, depending on the context.

For example:

• ett krav på kvalitet = a requirement for quality
• orimliga krav = unreasonable demands
• in legal or financial contexts, it can sometimes be closer to claim

So Kravet är större än avdraget could sound slightly different depending on the wider context. Grammatically, though, the sentence works the same way.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

KRAH-vet air STUR-reh en AHV-drah-get

A few useful points:

• ä in är and än is a front vowel, somewhat like the e in English bed, but not exactly the same.
• ö in större does not exist in standard English; it is a rounded front vowel.
• g in avdraget is pronounced, but the exact sound can vary slightly depending on speaker and style.

If you are learning pronunciation, it helps to listen carefully to native audio, because Swedish vowel quality is very important.

Usually, Swedish expresses the by attaching the definite ending to the noun, as in:

• kravet
• avdraget

But when there is an adjective before the noun, Swedish normally uses double definiteness:

• det stora kravet = the big requirement
• det stora avdraget = the big deduction

Here you get both:

• a separate definite word: det
• a definite ending on the adjective: stora
• and often the noun stays in its definite form too

So in your sentence, there is no adjective directly before kravet or avdraget, so the simple forms kravet and avdraget are enough.