Bakom huset står en buske med en gren nära fönstret.

This is because Swedish follows the V2 rule in main clauses: the finite verb usually comes in the second position.

In this sentence:

• Bakom huset = first element
• står = finite verb, so it must come second
• en buske = subject, which comes after the verb here

So:

• Bakom huset står en buske ...

is structured naturally in Swedish.

If you start with the subject instead, you could also say:

• En buske står bakom huset ...

That is also grammatical, but it gives a slightly different focus. Starting with Bakom huset emphasizes the location first.

Swedish often uses verbs like stå (stand), ligga (lie), and sitta (sit) where English would often just use be.

So en buske står bakom huset literally means a bush stands behind the house, but in natural English we would usually say there is a bush behind the house or a bush is behind the house.

Using står suggests the bush is in an upright position, which makes sense for a bush. Swedish often prefers this kind of more concrete positional verb.

This is the difference between definite and indefinite forms.

• huset = the house
• fönstret = the window
• en buske = a bush
• en gren = a branch

In Swedish, the definite article is usually added as an ending:

• hus → huset
• fönster → fönstret

The bush and the branch are being introduced as new things, so they are indefinite:

• en buske
• en gren

The house and the window are treated as specific, known things:

• huset
• fönstret

En is the indefinite article for en-words in Swedish, and it usually means a or an.

So:

• en buske = a bush
• en gren = a branch

Swedish nouns belong to two main grammatical genders/common classes:

• en-words
• ett-words

Both buske and gren are en-words, so they use en.

Because Swedish en/ett is not based on sound the way English a/an is.

In English:

• a branch
• an apple

In Swedish, the choice depends on the noun’s grammatical gender/class, not pronunciation:

• en gren
• ett äpple

So you simply have to learn whether a noun is an en-word or an ett-word.

Med en gren means with a branch.

It describes the bush: the bush has a branch, or is being presented as a bush with a branch near the window.

Grammatically:

• med = with
• en gren = a branch

So en buske med en gren nära fönstret means something like a bush with a branch near the window.

Most naturally, it describes the branch:

• en buske med en gren nära fönstret
• a bush with a branch near the window

So the most likely reading is: there is a bush behind the house, and the bush has a branch that is near the window.

However, like in English, this kind of phrase can sometimes feel slightly ambiguous out of context. If you wanted to make it clearer that the branch is near the window, you could still use this sentence, since that is the most natural interpretation.

Because nära is normally used directly with the noun in Swedish.

So you say:

• nära huset = near the house
• nära fönstret = near the window

You do not usually add till here.

This is different from some other expressions where Swedish does use a preposition, but with nära, the direct pattern is the normal one.

Bakom means behind.

It is a preposition, and it is followed by a noun phrase:

• bakom huset = behind the house
• bakom bilen = behind the car

In this sentence, it gives the location of the bush.

Yes. That is another very common way to express the idea.

• Det finns en buske bakom huset. = There is a bush behind the house.

This structure is often used when you simply want to say that something exists somewhere.

The original sentence,

• Bakom huset står en buske ...

is more descriptive and places attention on the location first. It can sound a bit more visual or narrative.

Yes, it is natural and grammatical.

It sounds like a descriptive sentence, especially in writing or when someone is painting a picture of a scene:

• Behind the house stands a bush with a branch near the window.

In everyday speech, some people might more often choose a simpler existential structure such as:

• Det finns en buske bakom huset.

But the original sentence is absolutely normal Swedish.

They are two different nouns:

• buske = bush/shrub
• gren = branch

So the sentence is talking about:

1. a bush
2. that has a branch
3. and that branch is near the window

This is why the phrase med en gren is important: it adds extra detail about the bush.

A rough guide for an English speaker might be:

• Bakom ≈ bah-KOM
• huset ≈ HOO-set
• står ≈ something like stohr
• en ≈ often a very short en or n
• buske ≈ BOOS-keh
• med ≈ mehd
• gren ≈ grayn but with a Swedish vowel quality
• nära ≈ NEH-rah
• fönstret ≈ roughly FURN-stret or FUNS-tret, depending on how detailed you want to get

A very rough full reading:

bah-KOM HOO-set stohr en BOOS-keh med en grayn NEH-rah FURN-stret

This is only approximate, but it can help as a first step.