Skruvmejseln ligger i verktygslådan under bordet.

In Swedish, the definite article is usually attached to the end of the noun.

So in this sentence:

• skruvmejseln = the screwdriver
• verktygslådan = the toolbox
• bordet = the table

The base forms are:

• en skruvmejsel = a screwdriver
• en verktygslåda = a toolbox
• ett bord = a table

Then the definite forms become:

• skruvmejseln
• verktygslådan
• bordet

So Swedish often says the-noun as one word, instead of using a separate word like English the.

Swedish often uses special position verbs where English might simply use is.

Here, ligger comes from ligga, which means to lie. It is used for things that are lying somewhere or are located in a resting position.

A screwdriver in a toolbox is naturally thought of as lying there, so ligger sounds normal.

Compare:

• Skruvmejseln ligger i lådan. = The screwdriver is lying in the box.
• Boken ligger på bordet. = The book is on the table.
• Flaskan står på bordet. = The bottle is standing on the table.

Using är would usually sound less natural here.
Using finns would change the meaning to more like there is:

• Det finns en skruvmejsel i verktygslådan. = There is a screwdriver in the toolbox.

Yes. Swedish writes compound nouns as one word.

So:

• verktyg = tool
• låda = box

Together:

• verktygslåda = toolbox

And then the definite ending is added to the whole compound:

• verktygslådan = the toolbox

This is very common in Swedish. English often uses two words where Swedish uses one:

• verktygslåda = toolbox
• sjukhus = hospital
• fotbollsmatch = football match / soccer game

Because i means in or inside, while på usually means on.

So:

• i verktygslådan = in the toolbox
• på verktygslådan = on the toolbox

Since the screwdriver is inside the toolbox, i is the correct preposition.

Because bord is a neuter noun.

Swedish nouns have grammatical gender, mainly:

• en words
• ett words

bord is an ett word:

• ett bord = a table

Its definite singular form is:

• bordet = the table

By contrast, many en words take -en in the definite singular:

• en låda → lådan
• en skruvmejsel → skruvmejseln

So:

• verktygslådan because låda is an en word
• bordet because bord is an ett word

It means under the table, but there is a small structure question: what is under the table?

The most natural reading is:

• the screwdriver is in the toolbox
• the toolbox is under the table

So the whole idea is: The screwdriver is in the toolbox under the table.

In real life, context usually makes this clear. But grammatically, the phrase could feel slightly ambiguous, just as it can in English.

If you want to make it completely clear that the toolbox is under the table, you could say:

• Skruvmejseln ligger i verktygslådan som står under bordet.
  = The screwdriver is in the toolbox that is under the table.

The basic order is:

• Skruvmejseln = subject
• ligger = verb
• i verktygslådan under bordet = location

So it follows a very normal main-clause pattern:

subject + verb + place information

One important thing about Swedish is that it is a V2 language, which means the finite verb normally comes in the second position in main clauses.

So if you move the location phrase to the front, the verb still stays second:

• I verktygslådan under bordet ligger skruvmejseln.

That is still correct Swedish.

If you want to look the words up, these are the base forms:

• skruvmejseln → skruvmejsel
• ligger → ligga
• verktygslådan → verktygslåda
• bordet → bord

This is useful because Swedish words often appear with endings attached:

• noun + definite ending
• verb in a present-tense form

So when reading Swedish, it helps to mentally separate the word into:

• base form
• grammatical ending

For example:

• ligger = present tense of ligga
• skruvmejseln = skruvmejsel
  • definite ending
• bordet = bord
  • definite ending

Yes, because gender affects forms like the indefinite article and the definite ending.

In this sentence:

• skruvmejsel is an en word
• verktygslåda is an en word
• bord is an ett word

That gives you:

• en skruvmejsel → skruvmejseln
• en verktygslåda → verktygslådan
• ett bord → bordet

So learning a noun together with en or ett is very important in Swedish.