Kan du ta med laddaren, för säkerhets skull?

Yes. In Swedish, yes/no questions typically use verb-first word order.
Statement: Du kan ta med laddaren. (You can bring the charger.)
Question: Kan du ta med laddaren? (Can you bring the charger?)

Both are possible, but in everyday Swedish Kan du… is very commonly used as a polite request, similar to “Can you…?” / “Could you…?” in English. Context decides whether it’s about ability or a request.

Ta med is a common particle verb meaning bring along / take with you.

• ta alone is more like take (as an action), but it doesn’t clearly express “with you / along.”
  So ta med laddaren = “bring the charger (with you).”

Sometimes you’ll see variation, but in this meaning the most natural placement is ta med + object:

• Ta med laddaren.
  With pronouns, Swedish often prefers:
• Ta med den. (“Bring it.”)
  You may also hear:
• Ta den med dig. (“Take it with you.”)
  …but that shifts the structure and emphasis.

Laddaren is the definite form: “the charger” (a specific one you both know about).
En laddare is indefinite: “a charger” (any charger, not identified).
So the sentence assumes there’s a particular charger you mean.

You mostly learn noun gender with the word. Here:

• en laddare → definite: laddaren
  If it were neuter, it would be ett … and the definite singular would typically end in -et.

För säkerhets skull is an idiom meaning just in case / to be on the safe side / for safety’s sake.

Grammatically, säkerhets is the genitive form of säkerhet (“safety”), like English “safety’s.”
So it’s literally “for safety’s sake,” with skull meaning “sake.”

They’re different words.

• skull = “sake” (mostly seen in set phrases like för … skull)
• skulle = past/conditional form related to ska (“shall/will”), used for “would/should” meanings.

Not strictly. The comma is often used to mark a pause because för säkerhets skull is a trailing phrase. You can write it either way:

• Kan du ta med laddaren för säkerhets skull?
• Kan du ta med laddaren, för säkerhets skull?
  Both are common; the comma just makes the add-on feel more parenthetical.

More polite (softer):

• Skulle du kunna ta med laddaren, för säkerhets skull? (“Could you bring the charger, just in case?”)

More direct (imperative):

• Ta med laddaren, för säkerhets skull. (“Bring the charger, just in case.”)