Varje bandmedlem kan sjunga refrängen.

Because varje means each or every, and in Swedish it is normally followed by a singular noun.

So:

• varje bandmedlem = each/every band member
• not varje bandmedlemmar

This is similar to English, where we say every member, not every members.

Bandmedlem is a compound noun:

• band = band
• medlem = member

So bandmedlem literally means band member.

Swedish often forms words this way by joining nouns together into one word.

Yes. Varje can often be translated as either each or every.

In this sentence:

• Varje bandmedlem kan sjunga refrängen
  can mean both
  
  • Each band member can sing the chorus
  • Every band member can sing the chorus

The exact English choice depends on style and context more than on Swedish grammar.

Because Swedish main clauses usually follow the V2 rule: the finite verb comes in the second position.

Here:

• Varje bandmedlem = first element
• kan = finite verb in second position
• sjunga refrängen = rest of the sentence

So the structure is completely normal Swedish word order.

Kan is the present tense of kunna, which usually means can, be able to, or sometimes know how to.

In this sentence, it most naturally means is able to or can:

• kan sjunga = can sing

So the sentence says that each band member has the ability to sing the chorus.

Because after a modal verb like kan, Swedish normally uses the infinitive without att.

So:

• kan sjunga = can sing
• not kan att sjunga

This is similar to English:

• can sing
• not can to sing

Other common Swedish modal verbs that work the same way include:

• ska
• vill
• måste
• får
• bör

Because refrängen is the definite singular form, meaning the chorus.

• en refräng = a chorus
• refrängen = the chorus

In Swedish, definiteness is often shown by adding an ending to the noun. Here the ending is -en.

So:

• sjunga refrängen = sing the chorus

Refräng is an en-word (common gender noun).

Its forms are:

• en refräng = a chorus
• refrängen = the chorus
• refränger = choruses
• refrängerna = the choruses

Knowing that it is an en-word helps you form the definite singular correctly.

Both sentences are similar, but there is a small difference in feel:

• Varje bandmedlem kan sjunga refrängen = Each/Every band member can sing the chorus
• Alla bandmedlemmar kan sjunga refrängen = All the band members can sing the chorus

Varje focuses more on the members one by one, individually.
Alla bandmedlemmar focuses more on the group as a whole.

In many contexts, both would be natural.

Sjunga means to sing.

The spelling sj represents a Swedish sound that does not exist in standard English, so it can be tricky. It is a kind of soft, breathy sh-like sound, but not exactly the same as English sh.

A rough guide:

• sjunga sounds approximately like SHOONG-ah, but with a more Swedish sj sound
• the u here is not like English oo exactly, but that rough approximation can help at first

This is a pronunciation issue more than a grammar issue, and many learners need time to get comfortable with the sj sound.

Yes. The finite verb kan is in the present tense.

So the sentence means that this is true now or generally:

• Varje bandmedlem kan sjunga refrängen = each band member can sing the chorus

The infinitive sjunga does not itself show tense here; the tense comes from kan.