Hon ser presidenten.

• Hon = she
• ser = sees
• presidenten = the president

So the structure is:

• Hon = subject
• ser = verb
• presidenten = object

It follows the same basic pattern as English: She sees the president.

Se is the infinitive form, meaning to see.

In a normal present-tense sentence, Swedish uses the present form of the verb:

• att se = to see
• ser = see/sees

So:

• Hon ser = She sees

Unlike English, Swedish does not add a special -s only for he/she/it. The present-tense form is the same for all persons:

• jag ser = I see
• du ser = you see
• hon ser = she sees
• vi ser = we see

In Swedish, the definite article is usually attached to the end of the noun as a suffix.

So:

• president = president
• presidenten = the president

This -en ending is the definite singular ending for many common gender nouns.

That means Swedish often says in one word what English says in two:

• boken = the book
• stolen = the chair
• presidenten = the president

Because the the meaning is already built into presidenten.

In this sentence, presidenten already means the president, so you do not add another article before it.

That is why:

• Hon ser presidenten = She sees the president

not something like:

• Hon ser den presidenten for ordinary the president

Swedish can use den/det/de before a noun, but that usually happens in other structures, especially with adjectives:

• den nya presidenten = the new president

Without an adjective, presidenten by itself is enough.

President is a common gender noun in Swedish.

Swedish nouns are usually divided into two genders:

• common gender (en-words)
• neuter gender (ett-words)

President is an en-word, so:

• en president = a president
• presidenten = the president

If it were a neuter noun, the definite singular ending would often be -et instead.

In this sentence, word order tells you that:

• Hon comes first, so it is the subject.
• ser is the verb.
• presidenten comes after the verb, so it is the object.

So:

• Hon is the one doing the seeing.
• presidenten is the one being seen.

Unlike pronouns, Swedish nouns usually do not change form for subject vs. object. The noun presidenten stays the same. Word order does the job.

Compare with pronouns:

• Hon ser henne = She sees her

Here hon is subject form, while henne is object form.

This sentence has the very common basic order:

Subject + verb + object

So:

• Hon ser presidenten

That said, Swedish is also a V2 language, which means the finite verb usually comes in the second position in main clauses.

So if you move another element to the front, the verb still stays second:

• I dag ser hon presidenten = Today she sees the president

Notice that Swedish does not say:

• I dag hon ser presidenten

It must be:

• I dag ser hon presidenten

But in the simple sentence you were given, the word order is the straightforward English-like pattern.

Hon is pronounced roughly like honn.

Important points:

• The o is not like English oh
• It is a short vowel
• The word is not pronounced like English hone

A rough learner-friendly approximation is:

• hon ≈ honn

The exact vowel is Swedish-specific, but honn is a much better guide than hone.

Ser is pronounced roughly like sehr, with a clear long vowel.

A rough guide:

• ser ≈ sehr

It sounds closer to English sehr than to English sir.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

pre-si-DEN-ten

The stress is on DEN:

• pre-si-DEN-ten

A learner-friendly approximation is:

• press-ee-DEN-ten

The exact Swedish sounds will differ from English, but the most important thing is putting the stress on the den syllable.

Yes. The verb se basically means to see, but in real Swedish it can appear in expressions with related meanings, such as look in some contexts.

However, in Hon ser presidenten, the meaning is straightforward:

• She sees the president

So in this sentence, ser is simply the present tense of se = to see.

You usually place inte after the finite verb:

• Hon ser inte presidenten = She does not see the president

So the pattern is:

• Hon = subject
• ser = finite verb
• inte = not
• presidenten = object

In a yes/no question, Swedish usually puts the finite verb first:

• Ser hon presidenten? = Does she see the president?

So the statement:

• Hon ser presidenten.

becomes the question:

• Ser hon presidenten?

That is a very common pattern in Swedish.