Udukuzi unaweza kuharibu faili.

Because udukuzi is the subject, and the verb has to agree with that noun.

In u-na-weza:

• u- = the subject agreement used with udukuzi
• -na- = present tense
• -weza = be able / can

So udukuzi unaweza means hacking can... or literally it can...

If the subject changed, the verb would change too:

• Mdukuzi anaweza... = A hacker can...
• Wadukuzi wanaweza... = Hackers can...

Udukuzi is a noun, not a verb. It means the activity or process of hacking.

That is different from:

• mdukuzi = hacker (one person)
• wadukuzi = hackers (more than one)

So this sentence is about the act of hacking, not the people doing it.

Because after -weza (can / be able to), the next verb normally appears in the infinitive form.

So:

• kuharibu = to damage / to spoil / to ruin

In English, we often say can damage without saying to, but in Swahili the infinitive form is still used:

• unaweza kuharibu = can damage

The verb -haribu has a broad meaning. Depending on context, it can mean:

• damage
• spoil
• ruin
• corrupt

So kuharibu faili could mean damaging files, ruining files, or corrupting files, depending on the situation.

Faili is a loanword from English, and with loanwords the singular/plural pattern can be a little flexible.

You may hear:

• faili for file
• faili also used for files in some contexts
• mafaili as a clearly marked plural

So the intended number often comes from context or translation. In this sentence, if the meaning shown to you is files, that is the intended reading.

Because Swahili usually does not use articles like English a, an, and the.

So faili can mean:

• a file
• the file
• files
• the files

Context tells you which meaning is intended.

Most often, unaweza means can or is able to.

It can also express possibility, depending on context, something closer to may or might. In this sentence, the most natural reading is can:

• Udukuzi unaweza kuharibu faili.
• Hacking can damage files.

Yes, in this sentence the order is very similar to English:

• Udukuzi = subject
• unaweza kuharibu = verb phrase
• faili = object

So the pattern is:

Subject + Verb + Object

That makes this sentence quite straightforward for an English speaker.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

u-du-ku-zi u-na-we-za ku-ha-ri-bu fa-i-li

A few useful points:

• Swahili vowels are pronounced clearly.
• fa-i-li has three syllables, not one.
• The r in kuharibu is usually a light tap.
• Stress in Swahili usually falls on the second-to-last syllable.

So roughly:

• uduKUzi
• unaWEza
• kuhaRIbu
• faIli