Tunafuatilia mapato, tunafuatilia matumizi, tunalinganisha bei, na tunapunguza gharama.

Tuna- means we are / we do in the present tense.

In each verb here:

• tuna-fuatilia = we track / we are tracking
• tuna-linganisha = we compare / we are comparing
• tuna-punguza = we reduce / we are reducing

So tu- is the subject marker we, and -na- marks the present/habitual tense.

Each verb can be broken down into parts:

• tunafuatilia = tu- (we) + -na- (present) + fuatilia (track, follow up on)
• tunalinganisha = tu- (we) + -na- (present) + linganisha (compare)
• tunapunguza = tu- (we) + -na- (present) + punguza (reduce)

This is a very common Swahili pattern:

subject marker + tense marker + verb stem

Repeating the verb is natural and clear in Swahili, especially in a list of actions.

So:

• Tunafuatilia mapato, tunafuatilia matumizi...

sounds deliberate and balanced: We track income, we track expenses...

You could sometimes omit repetition in other contexts, but repeating the verb here emphasizes each separate action and sounds very normal.

These are financial terms, but they refer to different sides of money:

• mapato = income, revenue, earnings
• matumizi = expenses, expenditure, spending, use

So:

• Tunafuatilia mapato = we track income/revenue
• Tunafuatilia matumizi = we track expenses/spending

A learner may notice both begin with ma-, but here the important thing is simply their meanings in context.

They are related, but not identical:

• bei = price
• gharama = cost, expense

So:

• tunalinganisha bei = we compare prices
• tunapunguza gharama = we reduce costs

A useful way to remember it:

• bei is usually the amount something is sold for
• gharama is the cost or expense involved

Na here means and.

So the sentence is structured like a list:

• we track income,
• we track expenses,
• we compare prices,
• and we reduce costs.

This works very much like English. In Swahili, na is commonly used to join the last item in a list.

Swahili does not use articles like English a/an/the.

So nouns like:

• mapato
• matumizi
• bei
• gharama

can mean things like income, the income, expenses, the costs, depending on context.

You understand the exact meaning from the situation, not from an article.

It can cover both ideas, depending on context.

Tuna- often expresses:

• a current action: we are tracking
• a regular/habitual action: we track

So this sentence could mean either:

• We are tracking income, tracking expenses, comparing prices, and reducing costs or
• We track income, track expenses, compare prices, and reduce costs

Swahili often leaves that distinction to context.

Yes, but it is usually unnecessary.

You could say:

• Sisi tunafuatilia mapato...

But normally tu- already tells you the subject is we, so adding sisi would mainly add emphasis, like:

We are the ones tracking income...

Without emphasis, the original sentence is more natural.

The basic order here is very standard:

verb + object

For example:

• tunafuatilia mapato
• tunalinganisha bei
• tunapunguza gharama

This order is natural and common in Swahili. Swahili does allow some flexibility for emphasis, but for learners, verb + object is the safest and most useful pattern to follow.

Some Swahili nouns often appear in forms that may look plural to learners, especially with ma-, but you should learn them as vocabulary items rather than trying to map them directly onto English singular/plural rules.

In this sentence:

• mapato usually refers to income/revenue
• matumizi usually refers to expenses/use
• gharama often works like cost/costs
• bei often works like price/prices

In real use, these words can behave a bit differently from English count nouns, so it is best to learn them by meaning and common usage in context.

Yes. Even though Swahili repeats the full verb forms, English often sounds smoother if you compress the list:

We track income and expenses, compare prices, and reduce costs.

That is a natural English translation. But the Swahili version is still perfectly normal as written, and the repetition gives the sentence a clear, rhythmic structure.