Mwanafunzi ambaye tahajia yake ni nzuri huandika aya ndefu bila kuogopa.

Swahili normally does not use articles the way English does. So mwanafunzi can mean a student, the student, or sometimes just student in a general sense, depending on context.

In this sentence, you understand whether it is a student or the student from the meaning already given or from the wider context.

Mwanafunzi is singular because it belongs to the human noun class where:

• m- / mw- often marks singular
• wa- often marks plural

So:

• mwanafunzi = student / one student
• wanafunzi = students

This matters because words that refer back to mwanafunzi will often use singular human agreement.

Ambaye is a relative word meaning something like who or that when referring to a singular person.

So:

• mwanafunzi ambaye... = the student who...

It introduces extra information about mwanafunzi.

A very literal breakdown is:

• mwanafunzi = student
• ambaye = who
• tahajia yake ni nzuri = his/her spelling is good

So the clause after ambaye describes the student.

This is a very common question. Swahili often does not use one single word exactly like English whose. Instead, it often expresses the idea as:

• who/that + his/her/its ...

So:

• ambaye tahajia yake ni nzuri

literally feels like:

• who his/her spelling is good

Natural English turns that into:

• whose spelling is good

So the possession is shown by yake rather than by a special standalone word meaning whose.

Yake means his/her/its.

Here it shows possession:

• tahajia yake = his/her spelling

A few useful points:

• yake does not show gender, so it can mean his or her
• it refers back to mwanafunzi
• the form here matches the noun class of tahajia

So even though English says whose spelling, Swahili says his/her spelling.

Ni is the copula, the word that means is / are in sentences like this.

So:

• tahajia yake ni nzuri = his/her spelling is good

Without ni, the sentence would be missing the basic link between the subject and its description.

Compare:

• Mwanafunzi ni mzuri = The student is good
• Tahajia yake ni nzuri = His/her spelling is good

Because nzuri has to agree with tahajia, not with mwanafunzi.

In Swahili, adjectives change to match the noun class of the noun they describe.

• mwanafunzi is a human noun, so you often get forms like mzuri
• tahajia belongs to a different noun class, so good becomes nzuri

So:

• mwanafunzi mzuri = a good student
• tahajia nzuri = good spelling

In this sentence, the thing being described as good is tahajia, not the student.

Huandika usually expresses a habitual, customary, or general action.

So here it means something like:

• writes
• usually writes
• tends to write

This fits the sentence well because it is describing what this kind of student generally does.

By contrast, anaandika often suggests:

• he/she is writing right now

or sometimes a more neutral present depending on context.

So the difference is roughly:

• huandika = writes habitually / characteristically
• anaandika = is writing / writes in a more immediate sense

In Swahili, adjectives usually come after the noun they describe.

So:

• aya ndefu = long paragraph(s)
• literally paragraph(s) long

This is normal Swahili word order.

Also, the adjective agrees with the noun class of aya, which is why the form is ndefu.

Aya can be tricky because many nouns in its class have the same form in singular and plural.

So:

• aya can be paragraph or paragraphs, depending on context

The adjective may also look the same:

• aya ndefu can mean a long paragraph or long paragraphs

If the translation you were shown says plural, that comes from context and intended meaning, not from a visible plural ending on aya itself.

This is different from English, where paragraph and paragraphs look different.

After bila meaning without, Swahili very often uses the infinitive form of the verb:

• bila kuogopa = without being afraid / without fearing

Here:

• kuogopa = to be afraid / to fear

So the pattern is:

• bila + infinitive

Examples:

• bila kusema = without speaking
• bila kusoma = without reading
• bila kuogopa = without being afraid

This is one of the most useful patterns to learn early.

It can suggest both, depending on context.

Literally, it means:

• without being afraid

But in natural English, that often becomes:

• confidently
• without hesitation
• without fear

In this sentence, it likely gives the idea that the student writes long paragraphs boldly or without worrying about making mistakes.